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EEG und internationaler Wettbewerb: Ist die besondere Ausgleichsregelung haltbar?

Author

Listed:
  • Rahel Aichele
  • Gabriel Felbermayr
  • Inga Heiland
Abstract
Die EEG-Umlage legt die Finanzierung der Einspeisung von Ökostrom auf Stromverbraucher um. Um negativen Effekten auf die internationale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit von deutschen Unternehmen entgegenzuwirken, nimmt die besondere Ausgleichsregelung des EEG stromintensive Unternehmen von der EEG-Umlage aus. Die bisherige Praxis ist problematisch. Es wird weder berücksichtigt, ob Unternehmen im internationalen Wettbewerb stehen, noch wie hoch ihr internationaler Preissetzungsspielraum ist. Folglich hat EU-Wettbewerbskommissar Almunia im Dezember 2013 ein Beihilfeverfahren gegen Deutschland eingeleitet. Es soll geprüft werden, ob die besondere Ausgleichsregelung als verhältnismäßig eingestuft werden kann. Das wäre der Fall, wenn sie Carbon Leakage, also das Verlagern von Emissionen ins Ausland, verhindern kann. In einem Sachverständigengutachten für das Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie schlägt das ifo Institut Maße zur Beurteilung der Leakage-Gefährdung einzelner Branchen vor. Die ifo-Analyse zeigt, dass Sektoren, für deren Güter die Nachfrage relativ stark auf Preisänderungen reagiert, in erhöhtem Maß durch Abwanderung von Emissionen und Wertschöpfung ins Ausland betroffen wären; allen voran in den Bereichen Metalle, Papier und Stahl. Dennoch ist selbst bei Anwendung von Wettbewerbsintensitätsmaßen fraglich, ob die entstehenden Verzerrungen gerechtfertigt sind und ob nicht eine weitgehende Reform des EEG notwendig wäre. Diese könnte darin bestehen, die EEG-Umlage mitsamt besonderer Ausgleichsregelung abzuschaffen und die Mehrkosten für die Förderung erneuerbarer Energien über den allgemeinen Steuertopf zu finanzieren.

Suggested Citation

  • Rahel Aichele & Gabriel Felbermayr & Inga Heiland, 2014. "EEG und internationaler Wettbewerb: Ist die besondere Ausgleichsregelung haltbar?," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 67(02), pages 23-29, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:ces:ifosdt:v:67:y:2014:i:02:p:23-29
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    File URL: https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/ifosd_2014_02_3.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rahel Aichele & Gabriel Felbermayr, 2013. "Estimating the Effects of Kyoto on Bilateral Trade Flows Using Matching Econometrics," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(3), pages 303-330, March.
    2. Rahel Aichele & Gabriel Felbermayr, 2015. "Kyoto and Carbon Leakage: An Empirical Analysis of the Carbon Content of Bilateral Trade," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 97(1), pages 104-115, March.
    3. Aichele, Rahel & Felbermayr, Gabriel, 2012. "Kyoto and the carbon footprint of nations," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 63(3), pages 336-354.
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    Cited by:

    1. Markus Zimmer & Rahel Aichele & Anna Sophia Ciesielski & Julian Dieler & Ana Maria Montoya Gómez & Tilmann Rave, 2017. "Integrated Assessment of the Instruments and the Fiscal and Market-Based Incentives of International Climate Change Policies and their Impacts (IACCP)," ifo Forschungsberichte, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, number 81, September.
    2. Feld, Lars P. & Fuest, Clemens & Haucap, Justus & Schweitzer, Heike & Wieland, Volker & Wigger, Berthold U., 2014. "Neustart in der Energiepolitik jetzt!," Kronberger Kreis-Studien 58, Stiftung Marktwirtschaft / The Market Economy Foundation, Berlin.
    3. Michael Ebnet, 2014. "Branche im Blickpunkt: Das Textil- und Bekleidungsgewerbe in Europa und Deutschland – Totgesagte leben länger," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 67(05), pages 35-40, March.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Regenerative Energie; Nachhaltige Energieversorgung; Internationaler Wettbewerb; Strompreis; Elektrizitätspolitik; EU-Politik;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q40 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - General
    • Q42 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Alternative Energy Sources
    • Q48 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Government Policy

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