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Habilidades cognitivas y crecimiento económico en Colombia. Un análisis departamental

Author

Listed:
  • Jiménez Ramírez, Sergio Augusto
  • Reyes Camargo, Silvia Juliana
Abstract
Resumen: Este artículo estima los efectos de las habilidades cognitivas en el crecimiento económico de 22 departamentos colombianos entre 2000 y 2019. Mediante la construcción de una base de datos con las variables clave de un modelo de crecimiento moderno, se estima la heterogeneidad de dichos efectos en razón de: a) Las diferentes áreas del conocimiento evaluadas en la prueba Saber 11, y b) Las diferentes agrupaciones de departamentos, basadas en las tasas de crecimiento del PIB por habitante y el tamano de sus economías. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que el capital humano medido por las habilidades cognitivas tiene gran efecto positivo sobre la tasa de crecimiento económico de los departamentos, mientras que los anos de escolaridad muestran un efecto positivo en el ritmo de crecimiento económico, aunque de menor magnitud que el generado por las habilidades cognitivas. Asimismo, las habilidades en matemáticas, lenguaje y ciencias naturales presentan mayores efectos positivos sobre el crecimiento económico y los efectos positivos de las distintas clases de habilidades cognitivas sobre el crecimiento, en general, son mayores en departamentos con tasas más altas de crecimiento que en departamentos económicamente más grandes. Abstract: This paper estimates the effects of cognitive skills on the economic growth of 22 Colombian Departments between 2000 and 2019. By building a database with key variables of a modern growth model, the heterogeneity of these effects is also estimated due to: a) different areas of knowledge evaluated in Saber 11 tests, and b) different groupings of Departments based on GDP growth rates per inhabitant and size of their economies. Results are obtained such as: i) human capital measured by cognitive skills has a great positive effect on the growth rate of the Departments; (ii) years of schooling show a positive effect on the rate of economic growth, although of a smaller magnitude than that observed in cognitive skills; (iii) skills in mathematics, language and sciences have greater positive effects on growth than others; (iv); the positive effects of different classes of cognitive skills on growth, in general, are greater in Departments with higher rates of growth than in economically larger Departments.

Suggested Citation

  • Jiménez Ramírez, Sergio Augusto & Reyes Camargo, Silvia Juliana, 2022. "Habilidades cognitivas y crecimiento económico en Colombia. Un análisis departamental," Revista Lecturas de Economía, Universidad de Antioquia, CIE, issue No. 97, pages 149-179, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000174:020493
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    File URL: https://revistas.udea.edu.co/index.php/lecturasdeeconomia/article/view/347351/20809087
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Capital humano; habilidades cognitivas; logro escolar; crecimiento económico; datos de panel; Colombia;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • A21 - General Economics and Teaching - - Economic Education and Teaching of Economics - - - Pre-college
    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • I25 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Economic Development
    • O47 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence
    • O54 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Latin America; Caribbean

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