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Kekaisaran Akkadia

kerajaan di Asia Barat
(Dialihkan dari Akkad)

33°6′N 44°6′E / 33.100°N 44.100°E / 33.100; 44.100

Akkadian Empire

𒆳𒌵𒆠  (Akkadian)
māt Akkadi
𒀀𒂵𒉈𒆠  (Sumerian)
a-ga-de3KI
ca 2334 – 2154 BC (180 years)
Bronze head of an Akkadian ruler, discovered in Nineveh in 1931, presumably depicting either Sargon or, more probably, Sargon's grandson Naram-Sin.[1] Lost in the 2003 lootings.[2][1]
Bronze head of an Akkadian ruler, discovered in Nineveh in 1931, presumably depicting either Sargon or, more probably, Sargon's grandson Naram-Sin.[1] Lost in the 2003 lootings.[2][1]
Map of the Akkadian Empire (brown) and the directions in which military campaigns were conducted (yellow arrows)
Map of the Akkadian Empire (brown) and the directions in which military campaigns were conducted (yellow arrows)
Ibu kotaAkkad
Bahasa resmi
Bahasa yang umum digunakanAkkadian
Sumerian (declining)
Agama
Ancient Mesopotamian religion
PemerintahanMonarchy
Šarrum (Raja) 
• ca 2334–2279 BC
Sargon (first)
• ca 2170–2154 BC
Shu-turul (last)
Era SejarahBronze Age
• Didirikan
ca 2334 BC
ca 2340 – 2284 BC
• Dibubarkan
ca 2154 BC
Luas
2350 BC[3]30.000 km2 (12.000 sq mi)
2300 BC[3]650.000 km2 (250.000 sq mi)
2250 BC[3]800.000 km2 (310.000 sq mi)
2200 BC[3]250.000 km2 (97.000 sq mi)
Didahului oleh
Digantikan oleh
Early Dynastic Period
Second Mariote Kingdom
Umma
Gutian Period (Sumer)
Third Mariote Kingdom
Ebla
Sekarang bagian dariIraq
Iran
Syria
Turki
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Kekaisaran Akkadia adalah kekaisaran yang berpusat di kota Akkad (Sumeria: Agade Hittite KUR A.GA.DÈKI "tanah Akkad"; Biblical Accad) dan wilayah sekitarnya (Akkadian URU Akkad KI) [4] di Mesopotamia tengah (Irak modern).[5]

Kota Akkadia terletak di tepi barat sungai Efrat. Meskipun dilakukan pencarian lebih lanjut, lokasi spesifiknya tidak pernah ditemukan. Kekaisaran ini mencapai puncak kejayaannya pada abad ke-24 dan 22 SM, dengan dilakukannya penaklukan oleh raja Sargon dari Akkad terhadap bangsa Sumeria sekitar tahun 2.300 SM.

Pranala luar

sunting
  1. ^ a b Mallowan, M. E. L. (1936). "The Bronze Head of the Akkadian Period from Nineveh". Iraq. 3 (1): 104–110. doi:10.2307/4241589. JSTOR 4241589. 
  2. ^ Kidner, Frank L.; Bucur, Maria; Mathisen, Ralph; McKee, Sally; Weeks, Theodore R. (2007). Making Europe: People, Politics, and Culture (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cengage Learning. hlm. 15. ISBN 978-0-618-00479-9. 
  3. ^ a b c d "Size and Duration of Empires Growth-Decline Curves, 3000 to 600 B.C." (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2022-10-09. 
  4. ^ borrowed from Sumerian URU (uru(2)(ki), iri, rí; iri11: city, town, village, district [URU archaic frequency: 101; concatenation of 5 sign variants; UNUG archaic frequency: 206; concatenates 3 sign variants].) meaning city and Ki meaning place is a Sumerian - Akkadian determinative Idiom uru-bar-ra: outside the city, outskirts of the city, the countryside ('city' + 'outside' + nominative).uru-kúr(-ra):(in) a foreign city ('city' + 'strange' + locative).uru-šà-ga: the interior city (contrasts to uru-bar-ra)('city' + 'inside' + nominative).zag-uru: outskirts of the city ('edge, limit' + 'city').(see Hallorans Sumerian Lexicon)
  5. ^ Mish, Frederick C., Editor in Chief. “Akkad” Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary. ninth ed. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster Inc., 1985. ISBN 0-87779-508-8, ISBN 0-87779-509-6 (indexed), and ISBN 0-87779-510-X (deluxe).