Perspektivisme

Perspektivisme (bahasa Jerman: Perspektivismus; bahasa Inggris: perspectivism) adalah prinsip epistemologis yang menyatakan bahwa persepsi dan pengetahuan tentang sesuatu selalu terikat pada perspektif interpretatif dari orang yang mengamatinya. Meskipun perspektivisme tidak menganggap semua perspektif dan interpretasi sebagai kebenaran atau mempunyai nilai yang sama, ia berpandangan bahwa tidak ada yang mempunyai akses terhadap pandangan absolut tentang dunia.^[1] Sebaliknya, semua pandangan seperti itu terjadi dari beberapa sudut pandang yang pada gilirannya mempengaruhi bagaimana sesuatu dipersepsikan. Daripada mencoba untuk menentukan kebenaran dengan korespondensi dengan hal-hal di luar perspektif apapun, perspektivisme pada umumnya berusaha untuk menentukan kebenaran dengan membandingkan dan mengevaluasi berbagai perspektif yang ada.^[1] Perspektivisme dapat dianggap sebagai bentuk awal dari pluralisme epistemologis,^[2] meskipun dalam beberapa diskursus termasuk juga teori nilai,^[3] psikologi moral,^[4] dan metafisika realis.^[5]

Referensi

^ ^a ^b For the perspectivist divergence between truth and value, and its opposition to correspondence theories of truth, see: Nehamas, Alexander (1998). The Art of Living: Socratic Reflections from Plato to Foucault. Berkeley: University of California Press. hlm. 145, 148. ISBN 9780520211735. OCLC 37132573. Including its pre-Nietzschean forms, perspectivism traditionally holds that: "All seeing occurs from some point of view, in accordance with our interests. There is neither a view from nowhere nor a view from everywhere; [...] Though we have no absolute view, cut off from the perspective, it does not follow that all perspectives are 'equally valid.' On the contrary, some perspectives are better than others. We know this not because we have the ability to compare perspectives to whatever lies outside any perspective, but because we can (and do) compare perspectives to one another." Miner, Robert (2017). "Gay science and the practice of perspectivism". Nietzsche and Montaigne. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. hlm. 64. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-66745-4_3. ISBN 9783319667447. OCLC 994692085. For concordance with scientific and contemporary forms of perspectivism, see: Agazzi, Evandro (2016). "Scientific realism within perspectivism and perspectivism within scientific realism". Axiomathes. 26 (4): 349–365. doi:10.1007/s10516-016-9304-4.
^ Sandywell, Barry (2012). "'Perspectives, Philosophical' and 'Perspectivism'". Dictionary of Visual Discourse: A Dialectical Lexicon of Terms. Routledge. hlm. 458–459. doi:10.4324/9781315577098. ISBN 9781409401889. OCLC 502453053.
^ Nehamas, Alexander (1998). The Art of Living: Socratic Reflections from Plato to Foucault. Berkeley: University of California Press. hlm. 143–150. ISBN 9780520211735. OCLC 37132573. See especially page 148.
^ (Inggris) Entri Perspektivisme di Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
^ For the relation of perspectivism to realism, see the following (and their containing sources):

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[:1-1] For the perspectivist divergence between truth and value, and its opposition to correspondence theories of truth, see: Nehamas, Alexander (1998). The Art of Living: Socratic Reflections from Plato to Foucault. Berkeley: University of California Press. hlm. 145, 148. ISBN 9780520211735. OCLC 37132573. Including its pre-Nietzschean forms, perspectivism traditionally holds that: "All seeing occurs from some point of view, in accordance with our interests. There is neither a view from nowhere nor a view from everywhere; [...] Though we have no absolute view, cut off from the perspective, it does not follow that all perspectives are 'equally valid.' On the contrary, some perspectives are better than others. We know this not because we have the ability to compare perspectives to whatever lies outside any perspective, but because we can (and do) compare perspectives to one another." Miner, Robert (2017). "Gay science and the practice of perspectivism". Nietzsche and Montaigne. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. hlm. 64. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-66745-4_3. ISBN 9783319667447. OCLC 994692085. For concordance with scientific and contemporary forms of perspectivism, see: Agazzi, Evandro (2016). "Scientific realism within perspectivism and perspectivism within scientific realism". Axiomathes. 26 (4): 349–365. doi:10.1007/s10516-016-9304-4.

[Sandywell2012-2] Sandywell, Barry (2012). "'Perspectives, Philosophical' and 'Perspectivism'". Dictionary of Visual Discourse: A Dialectical Lexicon of Terms. Routledge. hlm. 458–459. doi:10.4324/9781315577098. ISBN 9781409401889. OCLC 502453053.

[Nehamas1998-3] Nehamas, Alexander (1998). The Art of Living: Socratic Reflections from Plato to Foucault. Berkeley: University of California Press. hlm. 143–150. ISBN 9780520211735. OCLC 37132573. See especially page 148.

[SEP-4] (Inggris) Entri Perspektivisme di Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

[5] For the relation of perspectivism to realism, see the following (and their containing sources):

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]