Hum-hum

Hum-hum
Littorinidae
Hum-hum eropa Littorina littorea
Taksonomi
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Famili	Littorinidae Children, 1834
Diversitas
Two freshwater species and numerous marine species.
Subfamilies
Littorininae Children, 1834 Lacuninae Gray, 1857 Laevilitorininae Reid, 1989

Littorinidae adalah keluarga taksonomi lebih dari 200 spesies siput laut, moluska gastropoda laut dalam klade Littorinimorpha, umumnya dikenal sebagai hum-hum (bahasa Inggris : Periwinkle) dan ditemukan di seluruh dunia.^[3]

Littorininae

• Afrolittorina Williams, Reid & Littlewood, 2003
• Austrolittorina Rosewater, 1970
• Cenchritis von Martens, 1900
• Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 – synonyms: Amerolittorina Reid, 2009;^[4] Fossarilittorina Rosewater, 1981; Granulilittorina Habe & Kosuge, 1966; Lineolittorina Reid, 2009^[4]
• Littoraria Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834 – 39 species
• Littorina Férussac, 1822 – 18 species – type genus
• Mainwaringia Nevill, 1885^[5]
• Melarhaphe Menke, 1828
• Nodilittorina von Martens, 1897 – this genus proved to be polyphyletic and in 2003 was divided into:
  • Echinolittorina – 59 species worldwide
  • Austrolittorina – five species
  • Afrolittorina – four species
  • Nodilittorina s.s. – the monotypic subgenus^[6]
• Peasiella - Nevill, 1885
• Tectarius Valenciennes, 1833 – 11 species, its synonym or subgenus includes: Echininus Clench & Abbott, 1942.

kekosongan

• Bembicium Filipi, 1846
• Cremnoconchus Blanford, 1869 ^[7] – siput air tawar yang hidup di air terjun.
• Lacuna Turton, 1827 – sinonim: Aquilonaria Dall, 1886
• Pellilitorina Pfeffer di Martens & Pfeffer, 1886
• Risellopsis Kesteven, 1902

Laevilitorininae

• Laevilacunaria Powell, 1951
• Laevilitorina Pfeiffer, 1886

subfamili ?

• Algamorda Dall, 1918
• Macquariella Finlay, 1927 (?)
• Rissolitorina Merenungkan, 1966

Sinonim

• Corneolitorina Powell, 1951: sinonim dari Laevilitorina (Laevilitorina) Pfeffer di Martens & Pfeffer, 1886 direpresentasikan sebagai Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886
• Haloconcha Dall, 1886 adalah sinonim untuk Lacunaria Dall, 1885
• Macquariella Finlay, 1926: sinonim dari Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886
• Rissolittorina Ponder, 1966: sinonim dari Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886

1. ^ Children J. G. (1834). Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum. ed. 28: 110.
2. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Strong 2008
3. ^ Tunnell, John W.; Andrews, Jean; Barrera, Noe C.; Moretzsohn, Fabio (2010-07-15). Encyclopedia of Texas Seashells: Identification, Ecology, Distribution, and History (dalam bahasa Inggris). Texas A&M University Press. hlm. 398. ISBN 978-1-60344-141-4. 
4. ^ ^{a b} Reid, D. G. (2009). "The genus Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in the western Atlantic Ocean" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2184: 1–103. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2184.1.1. 
5. ^ (file created 29 July 2010) FRESH WATER MOLLUSCAN SPECIES IN INDIA^{[pranala nonaktif]}. 11 pp. accessed 31 July 2010.
6. ^ S T Williams; D G Reid; D T J Littlewood (2003). "A molecular phylogeny of the Littorininae (Gastropoda: Littorinidae): unequal evolutionary rates, morphological parallelism, and biogeography of the Southern Ocean". Mol Phylogenet Evol. 28 (1): 60–86. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00038-1. PMID 12801472. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 5 October 2012.  Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
7. ^ Blanford W. T. (1869). "Notes on some Indian and Mascarene Land-Shells". Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4)3: 340-344. page 343.