NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), jiske North Atlantic Alliance, Atlantic Alliance, Western Alliance, ke naam se jaana jaawe hai ek international organization hai jiske santi aur and surakchha khatir 1949 me suruu karaa gais rahaa jab Washington, D.C., USA, me 4 April, 1949 me ek treaty pe sign karaa gais rahaa. Isske headquarters Brussels, Belgium me hai. Iske duusra official naam French me, Organisation du Traité de l'Atlantique Nord (OTAN) hai.
| North Atlantic Treaty Organisation Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord | |
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| Formation | 4 April 1949 |
|---|---|
| Type | Military alliance |
| Headquarters | Brussels, Belgium |
| Membership | 28 member states |
| Official languages | English, French[1] |
| Secretary General | Jaap de Hoop Scheffer |
| Website | |
Bhasa
badloNATO ke dui official bhasa, English aur French hai..
Itihaas
badloSuruu me iske member United States, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, United Kingdom, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark aur Iceland rahaa. Tiin saal baad 18 February 1952 ke , Greece aur Turkey bhi join bhais.
West Germany 9 May 1955 NATO ke join karis..[2] Cold war ke baad, 1999 me Hungary, the Czechia, aur Poland me join bhais. 29 March 2004me saat aur des, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Bulgaria, aur Romania bhi NATO join karis.
Aur dekho
badloFurther reading
badlo- Asmus, Ronald D. Opening NATO's Door: How the Alliance Remade Itself for a New Era Columbia U. Press, 2002. 372 pp.
- Bacevich, Andrew J. and Cohen, Eliot A. War over Kosovo: Politics and Strategy in a Global Age. Columbia U. Press, 2002. 223 pp.
- Eisenhower, Dwight D. The Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower. Vols. 12 and 13: NATO and the Campaign of 1952 : Louis Galambos et al., ed. Johns Hopkins U. Press, 1989. 1707 pp. in 2 vol.
- Daclon, Corrado Maria Security through Science: Interview with Jean Fournet, Assistant Secretary General of NATO, Analisi Difesa, 2004. no. 42
- Ganser, Daniele Natos Secret Armies: Operation Gladio and Terrorism in Western Europe, ISBN 0-7146-5607-0
- Gearson, John and Schake, Kori, ed. The Berlin Wall Crisis: Perspectives on Cold War Alliances Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. 209 pp.
- Gheciu, Alexandra. NATO in the 'New Europe' Stanford University Press, 2005. 345 pp.
- Hendrickson, Ryan C. Diplomacy and War at NATO: The Secretary General and Military Action After the Cold War Univ. of Missouri Press, 2006. 175 pp.
- Hunter, Robert. "The European Security and Defense Policy: NATO's Companion - Or Competitor?" RAND National Security Research Division, 2002. 206 pp.
- Jordan, Robert S. Norstad: Cold War NATO Supreme Commander - Airman, Strategist, Diplomat St. Martin's Press, 2000. 350 pp.
- Kaplan, Lawrence S. The Long Entanglement: NATO's First Fifty Years. Praeger, 1999. 262 pp.
facked up retard NATO Divided, NATO United: The Evolution of an Alliance. Praeger, 2004. 165 pp.
- Kaplan, Lawrence S., ed. American Historians and the Atlantic Alliance. Kent State U. Press, 1991. 192 pp.
- Lambeth, Benjamin S. NATO's Air War in Kosovo: A Strategic and Operational Assessment Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND, 2001. 250 pp.
- Létourneau, Paul. Le Canada et l'OTAN après 40 ans, 1949–1989 Quebec: Cen. Québécois de Relations Int., 1992. 217 pp.
- Maloney, Sean M. Securing Command of the Sea: NATO Naval Planning, 1948–1954. Naval Institute Press, 1995. 276 pp.
- John C. Milloy. North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, 1948–1957: Community or Alliance? (2006), focus on non-military issues
- Powaski, Ronald E. The Entangling Alliance: The United States and European Security, 1950–1993. Greenwood, 1994. 261 pp.
- Ruane, Kevin. The Rise and Fall of the European Defense Community: Anglo-American Relations and the Crisis of European Defense, 1950–55 Palgrave, 2000. 252 pp.
- Sandler, Todd and Hartley, Keith. The Political Economy of NATO: Past, Present, and into the 21st Century. Cambridge U. Press, 1999. 292 pp.
- Smith, Jean Edward, and Canby, Steven L.The Evolution of NATO with Four Plausible Threat Scenarios. Canada Department of Defense: Ottawa, 1987. 117 pp.
- Smith, Joseph, ed. The Origins of NATO Exeter, UK U. of Exeter Press, 1990. 173 pp.
- Telo, António José. Portugal e a NATO: O Reencontro da Tradiçoa Atlântica Lisbon: Cosmos, 1996. 374 pp.
- Zorgbibe, Charles. Histoire de l'OTAN Brussels: Complexe, 2002. 283 pp.
Member ke suchi
badlo| Country | Population (2011) |
GDP (nominal) (2010, US$ millions) |
Military expenditures (2010, US$ millions) |
Military expenditures (2010, % of GDP) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,834,667 | 13,292 | 200 | 2.00 | |
| 10,827,519 | 465,676 | 5,382 | 1.15 | |
| 7,351,234 | 44,843 | 698 | 1.55 | |
| 34,447,000 | 1,574,051 | 20,164 | 1.28 | |
| 4,425,747 | 59,917 | 1,060 | 1.77 | |
| 10,515,818 | 192,152 | 2,529 | 1.31 | |
| 5,560,628 | 310,760 | 4,588 | 1.47 | |
| 1,340,122 | 19,220 | 336 | 1.75 | |
| 65,821,885 | 2,582,527 | 61,285 | 2.37 | |
| 81,802,000 | 3,315,643 | 46,848 | 1.41 | |
| 11,306,183 | 305,415 | 9,369 | 3.07 | |
| 10,014,324 | 128,960 | 1,323 | 1.02 | |
| 318,452 | 12,767 | 12 | 0.09 | |
| 60,605,053 | 2,055,114 | 38,198 | 1.86 | |
| 2,229,500 | 23,385 | 268 | 1.15 | |
| 3,249,400 | 35,734 | 427 | 1.19 | |
| 502,100 | 52,433 | 301 | 0.57 | |
| 16,667,700 | 783,293 | 11,604 | 1.48 | |
| 4,937,900 | 483,650 | 6,322 | 1.52 | |
| 38,092,000 | 468,539 | 8,380 | 1.78 | |
| 10,636,888 | 229,336 | 5,213 | 2.27 | |
| 21,466,174 | 161,629 | 2,164 | 1.33 | |
| 5,435,273 | 86,262 | 1,010 | 1.17 | |
| 2,046,510 | 46,442 | 788 | 1.69 | |
| 46,148,605 | 1,409,946 | 15,803 | 1.12 | |
| 73,722,988 | 741,853 | 15,634 | 2.1 | |
| 62,008,048 | 2,247,455 | 57,424 | 2.55 | |
| 311,328,000 | 14,657,800 | 687,105 | 4.6 | |
| Total | 906,002,051 | 32,223,344 | 1,004,436 | 3.11 |
References
badlo- ↑ "English and French shall be the official languages for the entire North Atlantic Treaty Organisation.", Final Communiqué following the meeting of the North Atlantic Council on September 17, 1949. "(..)the English and French texts [of the Treaty] are equally authentic(...)"The North Atlantic Treaty, Article 14
- ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/9/newsid_2519000/2519979.stm
Duusra websites
badloWikimedia Commons me North Atlantic Treaty Organisation ke baare me kuchh media hae.
Template:Wikinews things twilight relatedTemplate:Fix/category[dead link]
- NATO Official Website
- Template:PDFlink
- History of NATO – the Atlantic Alliance - UK Government site
- Basic NATO Documents
- The Globalization of Military Power: NATO Expansion (CRG)
- 'NATO force 'feeds Kosovo sex trade' (The Guardian)
- NATO Maintenance and Supply Agency (NAMSA) Official Website Archived 2006-03-15 at the Wayback Machine
- NATO Consultation, Command and Control Agency (NC3A) Official Website Archived 2009-01-14 at the Wayback Machine
- Joint Warfare Centre
- NATO Response Force Article Archived 2003-06-20 at the Wayback Machine
- NATO searches for defining role
- Official Article on NATO Response Force
- Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding NATO Archived 2008-05-12 at the Wayback Machine
- Balkan Anti NATO Center, Greece
- NATO Defense College
- Atlantic Council of the United States
- CBC Digital Archives - One for all: The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
- NATO at Fifty: New Challenges, Future Uncertainties Archived 2008-05-14 at the Wayback Machine U.S. Institute of Peace Report, March 1999
- NATO at 50
- Ukraine shelves bid to join NATO
- Operation Deny Flight fact sheet
- National Model NATO
- The Impact of NATO forces in Afghanistan Archived 2008-05-14 at the Wayback Machine An analysis of the effects of the U.S. led occupation on the political and social climate of Afghanistan.
- ESDI evolution in NATO: The presentation of the Eurocorps-Foreign Legion concept and its Single European Regiment at the European Parliament in June 2003 Archived 2006-09-27 at the Wayback Machine