Holistic Assessments (HOLAS)
HELCOM holistic assessments (HOLAS) give a comprehensive overview of the ecosystem health of an entire regional sea – the Baltic Sea. These major assessments assist the region’s environmental managers and decision-makers, so that they can base their work on sound, up-to-date knowledge of the status of the sea.
HOLAS
2003-2007
In 2010, HELCOM completed the initial assessment (HOLAS) of the ecosystem health of the Baltic Sea – including the associated costs and benefits to the society. The assessment was based on data from 2003 to 2007.
HOLAS 2
2011-2016
The second HELCOM ‘State of the Baltic Sea’ holistic assessment (HOLAS 2) provides a comprehensive overview of the ecosystem health of the Baltic Sea based on data collected between 2011 and 2016.
HOLAS 3
2016-2021
The third holistic assessment of the Baltic Sea (HOLAS 3) covers the period 2016-2021. The results were published in 2023.