Galileo Galilei

He kanaka naʻauao ʻepekema Ikālia ʻo Galileo Galilei (15 Pepeluali 1564 – 8 Ianuali 1642). He mea nui kona kuleana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka telescope astronomical a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻike nui o ka universe. ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea koʻikoʻi loa i ka Scientific Revolution a ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo ka "makua o ka physics experimental modern." Hoʻololi ʻo ia i ko kākou ʻike no ka honua a me kona wahi i loko o ka universe.

Hānau ʻia ʻo Galileo ma Pisa, ʻIkālia, i ka makua kāne ʻo Vincenzo Galilei, he mea pila a mea hoʻokani pū kaulana, a me ka makuahine ʻo Giulia Ammannati. Aʻo ʻia ʻo ia ma ka Kulanui o Pisa ma ka makahiki 1581, kahi āna i hoʻomaka ai e aʻo i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Akā, hoʻololi ʻo ia i kāna kumuhana aʻo i ka mathematics ma muli o kona makemake nui i nā helu.

Ma ke kula, aʻo ʻo ia i nā manaʻo o Aristotle a me nā mea naʻauao kahiko ʻē aʻe. Akā, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e kūʻē i kekahi o ko lākou mau manaʻo ma o ka nānā pono ʻana a me ka hōʻike experimental. Ma ka makahiki 1589, ua lilo ʻo ia i professor ma ka Kulanui o Pisa. Ma ka makahiki 1592, neʻe ʻo ia i ka Kulanui o Padua, kahi āna i aʻo ai no 18 mau makahiki.

Ma ka makahiki 1609, lohe ʻo Galileo e pili ana i kekahi mea nānā i hana ʻia ma Hōlani. Hoʻomohala ʻo ia i kāna telescope ponoʻī, e hiki ai ke nānā i nā mea ma ka lani he 30 manawa ʻoi aku ka nui. Me kēia mea hana, ʻike ʻo ia i:

• Nā mahina o Iupika
  • ʻIke ʻo ia i ʻehā mahina
  • Kapa ʻia lākou ʻo nā Medicean Stars
  • I kēia lā, kapa ʻia lākou ʻo nā Galilean moons

• Nā kukuna o Saturna
  • ʻIke mua ʻo ia i nā kukuna
  • ʻAʻole maopopo loa iā ia ke ʻano o nā kukuna
  • Ma hope, hoʻomaopopo ʻia e Christiaan Huygens

• Nā phases o Venusa
  • Hōʻoia kēia i ka heliocentrism
  • Hōʻike i ke poʻo like ʻana me ka mahina
  • He mea nui kēia no ka hoʻohiō ʻana i ka manaʻo geocentric

• Nā kinohi ma luna o ka Mahina
  • Hōʻike i ka ʻole o ka hemolele o ka lani
  • Kākau ʻo ia i ka puke Sidereus Nuncius
  • Kaha kiʻi ʻo ia i nā kinohi a pau āna i ʻike ai

Hana ʻo Galileo i nā hoʻāʻo nui e pili ana i:

• Ka gravity
  • Ka hāʻule like ʻana o nā mea kaumaha like ʻole
  • Ka hoʻāʻo kaulana ma ka Hale Hoʻokolokolo o Pisa
  • Ka hōʻole ʻana i ka manaʻo o Aristotle

• Ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea
  • Ke principle of inertia
  • Ka acceleration
  • Ka projectile motion
  • Nā lawa o ka mechanics

• Ka pendulum
  • Ka synchronicity
  • Ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pendulum no ka ana manawa
  • Ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka horologe

• Ka relativity
  • Ka principle o ka relativity
  • Ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka relative motion
  • Ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka physics modern

Hana pū ʻo Galileo i:

• Ka thermoscope (ka mea ana wela mua)
• Ka military compass
• Kekahi microscope compound
• Ka water lifting machine

Ma ka makahiki 1633, hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻo Galileo e ka Catholic Church no kona kākoʻo ʻana i ka manaʻo heliocentrism a Copernicus, ka manaʻo e kū ana ka Lā ma ka waena o ka solar system.

• Koi ʻia ʻo ia e hōʻole i kāna mau manaʻo
• Hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻo ia e noho paʻa ma kona hale
• Pāpā ʻia ka paʻi hou ʻana i kāna mau puke
• ʻAʻole hiki ke kamaʻilio me nā mea ʻepekema ʻē aʻe

Noho paʻa ʻo ia ma kona hale ma Arcetri no nā makahiki hope o kona ola. I kēia manawa:

• Hoʻomau ʻo ia i kāna hana ʻepekema
• Kākau ʻo ia i kāna puke hope loa
• Mākaʻikaʻi ʻia e kekahi mau hoa ʻepekema koʻikoʻi
• Makapo ʻo ia i nā makahiki hope

Make ʻo Galileo ma Arcetri, kokoke i Florence, ma ka makahiki 1642. Ua lilo kāna hana i mea nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻepekema modern a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ko kākou honua.

• Hoʻololi ʻo ia i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻepekema
• Hoʻokumu ʻo ia i ka physics experimental
• Hoʻomaka ʻo ia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mathematics i ka physics
• Kākoʻo ʻo ia i ka scientific method

• Nā kikowaena ʻepekema he nui i kapa ʻia ma kona inoa
• Ka Galileo space mission i Iupika
• Nā telescope nui ma ka honua
• Nā makana ʻepekema i kapa ʻia nona

• Sidereus Nuncius (1610)
• Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems (1632)
• Two New Sciences (1638)

He ʻōmuku kēia mea. Inā hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, e kōkua mai i ka holomua ʻana i kēia mea.