Yaren Tuscarora

Tuscarora, wani lokacin ana kiranta Skarò˙rə̨ˀ, yaren Iroquoian ne na Mutanen Tuscarora. Tarihin Tuscarora ya kasance a gabashin Arewacin Carolina, a ciki da kewayen yankunan Goldsboro, Kinston, da Smithfield.

Sunan Tuscarora (/ˌtʌskəˈrɔːrə/ TUS-kə-ROHR-ə) yana nufin "mutane na hemp," bayan Hemp na Indiya ko milkweed, wanda suke amfani da shi a fannoni da yawa na al'ummarsu. Skarureh yana nufin dogon rigar da aka sa a matsayin wani ɓangare na rigar maza, don haka sunan a zahiri yana nufin "mutane masu tsawo".

Tuscarora ya ƙare kwanan nan, mai magana da harshen farko na ƙarshe ya mutu a cikin 2020. A tsakiyar shekarun 1970s, mutane 50 sun yi magana a kan Tuscarora Reservation (Lewiston, New York) da Kasashe shida na Grand River First Nation (kusa da Brantford, Ontario). Makarantar Tuscarora a Lewiston ta yi ƙoƙari ta ci gaba da Tuscarora da rai a matsayin harshen al'adun gargajiya ta hanyar koyar da yara daga makarantar sakandare zuwa aji na shida.

Harshen na iya zama mai rikitarwa ga waɗanda ba su saba da shi ba dangane da harshe fiye da tsarin sauti. Ana iya bayyana ra'ayoyi da yawa a cikin kalma ɗaya. Yawancin kalmomi sun haɗa da abubuwa da yawa waɗanda dole ne a yi la'akari da su. An rubuta harshe ta amfani da alamomi mafi yawa daga haruffa na Roman, tare da wasu bambance-bambance, ƙari, da diacritics.

Tuscarora has four oral vowels, one nasal vowel, and one diphthong. The vowels can be either short or long, which makes a total of eight oral vowels, /i ɛ ɔ u iː ɛː ɔː uː/, and two nasal vowels, /ə̃ ə̃ː/. Nasal vowels are indicated with an ogonek, long vowels with either a following colon Samfuri:Angbr or an interpunct Samfuri:Angbr, and stressed vowels are marked with an acute accent Samfuri:Angbr. The pronunciation of unstressed short vowels varies between dialects, as shown in the following tables:

1. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yaren Tuscarora". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.