Yaren Lamo
| Lamo | |
|---|---|
| mBo | |
| Yanki | Zogang County, Chamdo Prefecture, Tibet |
|
Sino-Tibetan
| |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog |
lamo1245[1] |
Lamo (kuma ana kiranta mBo ; IPA: mbo˥; Bo skad ) yaren Sino-Tibet ne da ba a tantance shi ba ana magana da shi a Tshawarong, gundumar Zogang, lardin Chamdo, Tibet . Suzuki & Nyama ne ya rubuta shi kwanan nan shekarar dubu biyu da goma sha shida (2016). sMad skad, nau'in yare mai alaƙa, ana kuma magana a cikin Tshawarong.[2]
Suzuki & Nyima shekarar dubu biyu da goma sha takwas (2018) rubuta da Kyilwa (格瓦) iri-iri na Dongba Township (东坝乡).
Sunaye
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Changdu Gazetteer (2005: 819) [3] yana kiran Lamo a matsayin Dongba (东坝话), kamar yadda ake magana a cikin Garin Dongba (东坝乡), gundumar Zogang . Jiang (2022) kuma yana nufin harshen a matsayin Dongba (东坝话).
Mutanen Khams Tibet suna kiran masu magana da Lamo a matsayin mBo ko mBo mi ('bo mi). A al'adance, masu magana da Lamo kuma suna kiran kansu da Pomi, kodayake duk masu magana da Lamo ba su san wannan sunan ba. Suna kiran harshensu da Lamo . Wasu masu jin harshen Lamo kuma suna kiran harshen garinsu da ˊmbo hkə.[4]
Lamo autonyms ta wuri (gSerkhu, wanda aka tattauna a ƙasa, ƙaramin nau'in fahimtar juna ne):
| Harshe | Sunan kansa | Wuri |
|---|---|---|
| Lamo | [la55 mo55] | Garin Dongba 东坝乡, gundumar Dzogang |
| Lamo | [la55 zuwa 53] | Garin Zhonglinka 中林卡乡, gundumar Dzogang |
| gSarkahu | [sə55 khu55] | Garin Shangchayu 上察隅镇, gundumar Dzayul |
Alkaluma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Lamo yana magana da kusan masu magana dubu huɗu 4,000, tare da dubu biyu 2,000 a cikin garin Dongba, da dubu biyu 2,000 a cikin garin Zhonglinka. Dukkan garuruwan suna kusa da kogin Nujiang a gundumar Dzogang . [4]
Kauyukan Lamo da gSerkhu ta gari: [4]
| Harshe | Township, County | Kauyuka |
|---|---|---|
| Lamo | Garin Dongba 东坝乡, Dzogang | Junyong 军拥村, Gewa 格瓦村, Puka 普卡村, Bazuo, and Jiaba 加坝村 |
| Lamo | Garin Zhonglinka 中林卡乡, Dzogang | Shizika 十字卡村, Luoba 洛巴村, Ruoba 若巴村, Wadui 瓦堆村, and Wamei 瓦美村 |
| gSarkahu | Garin Shangchayu 上察隅镇, Dzayul | Benzhui 本堆村, Muzong, Cuixi 翠兴村, and Sangba |
Yaruka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai yaruka guda biyu: [4]
- Lamo (Sunan Tibet don harshen: mBo-skad)
- Lami
Akwai gungu har guda biyar 5 na ƙauye masu magana da Lamo a cikin Garin Dongba, waɗanda suka haɗa da Kyilwa, Phurkha, Gewa, Gyastod da Gyasmed. Sauran gungu na ƙauyen, daga cikin jimillar gungun ƙauye goma sha ukku 13 a cikin Garin Dongba, ƙauyukan Khams Tibet ne. [4]
Lamei yana magana da mutane guda dubu ɗaya da ɗari biyar 1,500 zuwa dubu biyu 2,000 a cikin gungu na ƙauye biyar 5 a cikin garin Zhonglinka. Sitrikhapa, Wangtod, Wangmed, Rongba, da kuma gungu na ƙauyen Laba suna da masu magana da Lamei kawai. Rukunin ƙauyen Woba, Pula, da Zuoshod suna da duka Lamei da Khams na Tibet . [4]
Serkhu iri-iri ne na Lamo, wanda ake fahimtar juna da su. Khams masu magana da Tibet suna nufin yaren da Sikhu . GSerkhu yana magana da kusan mutane huda ɗari huɗu 400 (gidaje guda tamanin 80) a ƙauyuka huɗu 4 na kwarin gSerkhu, waɗanda sune Benzhui, Muzong, Cuixi, da Sangba, duk suna cikin Garin Shangchayu, gundumar Dzayul . Gundumar Dzayul kuma tana da masu magana da harshen Tibet na Khams waɗanda tun asali sun yi ƙaura daga yankin masu magana da harshen Lamo na garin Dongba, gundumar Dzogang . Jiang (2022) yana nufin harshe a matsayin Suku ko Sukuhua (素苦话).
Rabewa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Suzuki & Nyima shekarar alif (2016, 2018) suna ba da shawarar cewa Lamo na iya zama yaren Qiangic . Guillaume Jacques (2016) [5] ya nuna cewa mBo harshe ne na rGyalrongic mallakar reshen Stau - Khroskyabs (Horpa-Lavrung).
Suzuki & Nyima (2018) lura cewa Lamo yana da alaƙa da wasu harsuna biyu da aka rubuta kwanan nan na Chamdo, gabashin Tibet, wato Larong (wanda ake magana a cikin kwarin kogin Lancang na gundumar Zogang da gundumar Markam ) da Drag-yab (wanda ake magana a kudancin Zhag' yabar County ). Wadannan harsunan tare ana kiransu da harshen Chamdo .
Lamo idan aka kwatanta da Rubutun Tibet da Proto-Tibeto-Burman (Nyima & Suzuki 2019): [4]
| Gloss | Lamo | Tibet ya rubuta | Proto-Tibeto-Burman |
|---|---|---|---|
| daya | ˉdə | gcig | *tyak ~ *gt(y)ik |
| hudu | ˉlə | bzhi | * b-layi |
| bakwai | ˉn̥i | bdun | *s-ni-s |
| goma | ˉʁɑ | bcu | *ts(y)i (y) ~ *tsyay |
| ka | ˉ nə | kyau | *na-ŋ |
| doki | ˊre | rta | *s/m-ragu |
| jini | ˉse | khrag | *s-hywəy-t |
| fitsari | ku | gcin | * ku |
Lexicon
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Suzuki & Nyima (2016) jera kalmomin Lamo masu zuwa.
| Gloss | Lamo |
|---|---|
| daya | də˥ |
| biyu | na˥ |
| uku | sõ˩ |
| hudu | lə˥ |
| biyar | Ɗaukaka |
| shida | i˩ |
| bakwai | n̥i˥ |
| takwas | ɗɗɗə˥ |
| tara | ᵑɡo˥ |
| goma | ʁɑ˥ |
| dari | ɗʑi˥ |
| 1. Sunan mahaifi SG | ŋa˥ |
| 2. Sunan mahaifi SG | nə˥ |
| 3. Sunan mahaifi SG | kə˥ |
| jini | sa˥ |
| fitsari | qo˩ |
| nama | i˥ |
| baƙin ƙarfe | Ƙaƙa |
| allura | ʁɑ˩ |
| kifi | ɲɛ˩ ( lamunin Tibet ) |
| alade | pʰo˥ ɦu |
| doki | re˩ |
| sama | na˥ |
| ƙasa | sɛ˥ tɕʰɛ ( lamunin Tibet ) |
| yashi | ɕe˩ mɛ ( lamunin Tibet ) |
| gefen tudu | Ƙaura |
| dusar ƙanƙara | jʉ˥ |
| hanya | ƙasa |
| ruwa | tɕə˥ |
| ci | wə˥- |
| barci | nə˥- |
Fassarar sauti
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Suzuki & Nyima (2018) bayar da rahoton sautin yaren Kyilwa. Sun yanke shawarar cewa Lamo "yana son samun ci gaban sauti daban da na sauran".
| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvula | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a fili | sibilant | ||||||||
| Nasal | mara murya | m̥ | n̥ | ȵ̊ | ŋ̊ | ɴ̥ | |||
| murya | m | n | ȵ | ŋ | ɴ | ||||
| M / </br> Haɗin kai |
tenuis | p | t | ts | ʈ | tɕ | k | q | ʔ |
| m | pʰ | tʰ | tsʰ | ʈʰ | tɕʰ | kʰ | qʰ | ||
| murya | b | d | dz | ɖ | dʑ | g | ɢ | ||
| Ci gaba | mara murya | s | ʂ | ɕ | x | χ | h | ||
| murya | z | ʑ | ɣ | ʁ | ɦ | ||||
| Kusanci | mara murya | l̥ | |||||||
| murya | w | l | j | ||||||
| Trill | r | ||||||||
Prenasalisation da prespiration bayyana a matsayin preinitial.
| Gaba | Tsakiya | Baya | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kusa | i | ʉ | ɯ | u |
| Kusa-Mid | e | ɵ | o | |
| Tsakar | ə, ( ɚ ), ( əɣ ) | |||
| Buɗe-Mid | ɛ | ɔ | ||
| Bude | a | ɑ | ||
Duk wa] annan wasulan suna da takwarorinsu masu hazaka da hanci . Akwai ƴan maganganu na sakandare da aka samu a gefe, wato retroflexed /ɚ/ da verarized /ə ɣ /.
Tsarin haruffa: c CGV
Sautunan suna da tsayi kuma suna tashi, iri ɗaya kamar na Larong da Drag-yab . Ƙungiyar da ke ɗauke da sautin ita ce maƙallan farko guda biyu na kowace kalma. An cire sila ta biyu daga lokaci-lokaci daga TBU.
Ilimin Halitta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Prefixes na jagora a cikin Lamo: [4]
- n- : ˊnə- sə 'kashe', ˊna-qɑ 'chew', ˊnu-pho 'drop'
- th -: ˊtho-xɯ 'go', ˊtho-ndzo 'gather', ˊthe-ji 'sell'
- k- : ˊka-tɵ 'saya', ˉko'-ɕa 'karya cikin guda'
- t- : ˉtu'-rɑ 'karba', ˉtə'-tɕa 'wear (hat)'
- l- : ˉla'-mbo 'harba'
- w- : ˉwo'-ɕa 'yaga', ˊwu-ndzə 'ci'
Prefixes na jagora tare da le 'zo' a cikin Lamo: [4]
- ˊne -le : 'zo ƙasa/sauka'
- ˊthe -le : '(shi) ya iso' (cikakke/aorist kawai)
- k- : (babu)
- ˊtə'- le : 'zo sama/zo nan kusa da mai magana'
- ˉle -le : 'ku zo wurin kusa da mai magana amma ba lallai ba ne kusa da su'
- ˊwu -le : 'zo wajen mai magana akan matakin kwance guda'
Nassoshi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Lamo". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Jiang, Huo 江荻 (2022). "Linguistic diversity and classification in Tibet 西藏的语言多样性及其分类". Zhongguo Zangxue 中国藏学. 6. Retrieved 2023-03-16 – via Chinese Tibetology Center 中国藏学研究中心.
- ↑ Xizang Changdu Diqu Difangzhi Bianzuan Weiyuanhui 西藏昌都地区地方志编纂委员会 (2005). Changdu Diquzhi 昌都地区志. Beijing: Fangzhi Chubanshe 方志出版社.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 Tashi Nyima; Hiroyuki Suzuki (2019). "Newly recognised languages in Chamdo: Geography, culture, history, and language". Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 42 (1): 38–81. doi:10.1075/ltba.18004.nyi. ISSN 0731-3500. S2CID 198090294. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "NyimaSuzuki" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Jacques, Guillaumes. 2016. Les journées d'études sur les langues du Sichuan.