Mutanen Idaksahak

Mutanen Dawsahak, Idaksahak (var.: Daoussahak, Dahoussahak, ^[1] Dausahaq, Daosahaq, Daoussahaq, Daoussak, Dawsahaq ) makiyaya ne Abzinawa da ke kan garin Menaka da Inékar a cikin Menaka Cercle da Talataye a Ansongo Cercle na Yankin Gao na arewa maso gabashin Mali . ^{[2] [3]} Suna magana da harshen arewacin Songhai <i id="mwIQ">Tadaksahak</i> . ^[4] Dayawa suna magana da Yammacin Tawallammat Tamajaq, yaren Tuareg na kudancin Gao. ^[5] Daoussahak ya bayyana shine mafi yawan fassarar sunan gama gari tsakanin masana Faransanci da Ingilishi.

Idaksahak tsohuwar ƙungiya ce ta dogara da Abzinawan Iwellemmeden na gida, waɗanda a da kuma suke aiki a matsayin maraboutic (masanan addini) da masu tunatar da dabbobi game da ƙungiyoyin Abzinawa. ^[4] Duk da wannan tarihin, sun cancanci Abzinawa a yankin, har ma da Daular Songhay, daga inda suka datuki yarensu. Har ila yau kuma wasu lokuta ana kiransu a matsayin tewsit (dangi) na Iwellemmeden Tuareg. Idaksahak, kamar Igdalan da ke da alaƙa "suna daga cikin Berber na farko da suka yi ƙaura zuwa Saharar Afirka, wani lokaci tsakanin ƙarni na 8 da 9" kuma suna daga cikin ƙungiyoyin Musulmi na farko a yankin.

Daoussahak sun kasance a keɓe daga, kuma wani lokacin yana rikici tare da, mulkin mallaka na Faransa har zuwa ƙarshen Shekarar 1950s. Suna daga cikin na farko daga cikin ‘yan tawayen da suka yi adawa da gwamnatin Mali a tawayen shekarar 1963-64, wani tawaye wanda ya gamu da mummunar murkushewa a arewacin kasar. ^[6] Hakanan mutanen Daoussahak sun kafa ƙungiyoyi masu dauke da makamai yayin tawayen shekarun 1990. Popularungiyar 'Yanci Ta Musamman ta Azawad (1991-1993) da ƙungiyar da ta balle daga baya mai suna National Liberation Front na Azawad (1993) sun ƙunshi mayaƙan da aka zaro daga Daoussahak, wanda daga baya ya kasance mafi rinjaye na Daoussahak. ^[7]

Daoussahak na satar dabbobi da rikici tare da makiyaya Fula makiyaya da manoma na ci gaba a yau, tare da kuma rikice-rikicen makamai lokaci-lokaci kan filaye, kiwo, ruwa, da dabbobi lokaci-lokaci suna kwarara zuwa Sashen Ouallam na Nijar . ^{[8] [9]}

Yanzu sun haɗa da makiyaya marasa zaman lafiya da mazauna gari, da kuma makiyaya daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, kiwon shanu, awaki, da raƙuma daga Mali zuwa kudancin Algeria da arewa maso yammacin Nijar . Hanyoyin sayan kaya suna ci gaba da kai su arewa maso gabas zuwa yankin Neja wanda dangin Igdalen ya hade da Isawaghan : masu magana da yaren arewacin Songhay na Ingal Niger. Har ila yau, Idaksahak din yana da tarihin tsarin safarar mutane zuwa kudu maso gabas, inda ya ɗauke su zuwa yankin da yanzu yake yankin Ouallam na Nijar . ^[1]

Yawan mutanen Idaksahak na ƙassr Mali sun kai kimanin 30,000. Idaksahak ya raba tare da Abzinawa kashi uku na tsarin "masu kyauta" ( i-dáksahak ), "masu sana'a" ( ʒeem-án ) da "kamammu / bayi" ( ṭaam-én ). ^[3] Wani binciken ya nuna cewa na al'ummomin da ke magana da Arewa Songhay, Idaksahak sun fi kusa da Abzinawa. Yayinda yake kama da al'adu, Igdalan baya auratayya da Abzinawan, yayin da Idaksahak ya auri mazaunan biyu. ^[5] Sunan i-dáksahak na nufin "'ya'yan Issac". Idaksahak musulmai ne, kodayake mutane da yawa suna kiyaye imani da ayyukan da suka gabaci Islama. A cikin Menaka da Ansongo, Idaksahak suna zaune tsakanin mutanen Igdalan, Kel Essouk Tuareg, Ihatan Songhay, da Berberiche Arab ƙungiyoyi. ^[4]

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1} Catherine Taine-Cheikh. [Les langues parlées au sud Sahara et au nord Sahel http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00456346/]. De l'Atlantique à l'Ennedi (Catalogue de l'exposition « Sahara-Sahel »), Centre Culturel Français d'Abidjan (Ed.) (1989) 155-173
2. ↑ R Christiansen-Bolli. A Grammar of Tadaksahak, a Northern Songhay Language of Mali: Summary. Leiden University
3. ↑ ^{3.0 3.1} R Christiansen-Bolli. A Grammar of Tadaksahak, a Northern Songhay Language of Mali: Introduction. Leiden University
4. ↑ ^{4.0 4.1 4.2} CM Benítez-Torres. [www.lingref.com/cpp/acal/38/paper2136.pdf Inflectional vs. Derivational Morphology in Tagdal: A Mixed Language] In Selected Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference on African Linguistics, ed. (2009)
5. ↑ ^{5.0 5.1} Michael J Rueck; Niels Christiansen. Northern Songhay languages in Mali and Niger, a sociolinguistic survey. Summer Institute of Linguistics (1999).
6. ↑ Jean Sebastian Lecocq. That desert is our country: Tuareg rebellions and competing nationalisms in contemporary Mali (1946-1996). Universiteit van Amsterdam, (2002). pp.136, 140, 165
7. ↑ Lecocq (2002) pp.230, 261
8. ↑ Des Touareg Daoussahak ont une fois de plus attaqué nos paisibles éleveurs Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine AFP, 20 June 2011.
9. ↑ Le Niger veut sécuriser sa frontière avec le Mali, théâtre de banditisme armé. APA, 6 September 2008.