Gimbiya Alice na Battenberg

Gimbiya Alice na Battenberg
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna	Prinsessan Viktoria Alice Elisabet Julia Maria av Battenberg
Haihuwa	Windsor Castle (en) , 25 ga Faburairu, 1885
ƙasa	Birtaniya United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Mazauni	Darmstadt (mul) Landan Jugenheim (en) Malta Corfu (en) Old Royal Palace (en) Fadar Buckingham
Mutuwa	Fadar Buckingham, 5 Disamba 1969
Makwanci	Church of Mary Magdalene (en) St George's Chapel, Windsor (en)
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi	Prince Louis of Battenberg
Mahaifiya	Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine
Abokiyar zama	Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark (en)  (6 Oktoba 1903 -  3 Disamba 1944)
Yara	view Philip Mountbatten Princess Margarita of Greece and Denmark (en) Princess Theodora of Greece and Denmark (en) Princess Cecilie of Greece and Denmark (en) Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark (en)
Ahali	Louise Mountbatten (en) , George Mountbatten, 2nd Marquess of Milford Haven (en) da Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma (en)
Ƴan uwa	view Sarauniya Victoria (great-grandmother (en) ) Elizabeth II (sarakuwa, second niece (en) )
Yare	House of Battenberg (en)
Karatu
Harsuna	Turanci Jamusanci Faransanci Greek (en)
Sana'a
Sana'a	nurse (en) , nun (en) , charity worker (en) da aristocrat (en)
Mahalarcin wedding of Prince George, Duke of York, and Princess Mary of Teck (en)
Kyaututtuka	gani Dame of the Order of Queen Maria Luisa  (9 ga Afirilu, 1928) Order of Saints Olga and Sophia Order of Saint Catherine Decoration of the Royal Red Cross Righteous Among the Nations  (11 ga Maris, 1993) Queen Victoria Golden Jubilee Medal
Aikin soja
Ya faɗaci	Yakin Duniya na II
Imani
Addini	Anglicanism (en) Greek Orthodox Church (en)

Gimbiya Alice na Battenberg (haihuwa Victoria Alice Elizabeth Julia Marie; an haifeta a ranar 25 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar alif 1885 - zuwa ranar 5 ga watan Disamba shekarar alif 1969). ita ce mahaifiyar Yarima Philip da surukarta wacce ake kira da Sarauniya Elizabeth II . Ita ce tattaba kunnen Sarauniya Victoria, an haife ta ne a cikin Windsor Castle kuma ta girma a Burtaniya wato kasar ingila dake turai, da daular Jamusawa, da Rum.A Hessian gimbiya da haihuwa, ta kasance memba na Battenberg iyali, a morganatic reshe na House of Hesse-Darmstadt . Ta kasance mai kururuwa kurkusa ne . Bayan ta auri Yarima Andrew na Girka da Denmark a shekara ta alif 1903, ta ɗauki salon mijinta, ta zama Gimbiya Andrew na Girka da Denmark . Ta rayu a Girka har zuwa lokacin hijira yawancin akasarin dangin Girka a shekarar alif 1917. Bayan dawowar ta Girka 'yan shekaru bayan haka, an zargi mijinta a wani bangare saboda kayen da kasar ta yi a yakin Greco-Turkish (1919 - 1922), kuma an sake tilasta dangi zuwa gudun hijira har zuwa lokacin da aka maido da masarautar Girka a shekarar alif 1935 . A shekarar alif 1930, aka gano ta da cutar schizophrenia kuma ta himmatu ga wani dakin kula da lafiya a Switzerland . bayan haka, ta rayu daban da mijinta. Bayan murmurewar ta, ta sadaukar da yawancin shekarun da ta rage a aikin ba da gudummawa a Girka. Ta zauna a Athens a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na biyu, tana ba da mafaka ga Yahudawa 'yan gudun hijirar, wanda a ciki aka ɗauke ta a matsayin " Adalci Tsakanin Al'umma " ta wurin taron tunawa da Isra'ila na Holocaust, Yad Vashem . Bayan da yaki, ta zauna a Girka da kuma kafa wani Greek Orthodox reno domin na nuns da aka sani da Kirista Sisterhood da Martha da Maryamu. Bayan faduwar Sarki Constantine na II na Girka da kuma sanya dokar soja a Girka a shekarar alif 1967, danta da surukarta sun gayyace ta da zama a Fadar Buckingham a Landan, inda ta mutu bayan shekaru biyu. A shekara ta alif 1988, an canza gawar ta daga wani wuri a inda aka haife ta, Windsor Castle, zuwa Cocin Maryamu Magdalene a wurin taron Masarauta na Orthodox na Rasha na wannan sunan a Dutsen Zaitun a Urushalima .

Alice an haife ta ne a dakin Tapestry a Windsor Castle a Berkshire a gaban kakarta, Sarauniya Victoria. ^[1] Ita ce ɗan fari na Yarima Louis na Battenberg da matar sa Princess Victoria na Hesse da Rhine . Mahaifiyarta ita ce babbar 'yar Louis IV, Grand Duke na Hesse da Princess Alice na Burtaniya ,' yar sarauniya ta biyu. Mahaifinta shi ne babban ɗan Yarima Alexander na Hesse kuma ta Rhine ta hanyar aurenta ga Countess Julia Hauke, wacce aka kirkiro a Princess of Battenberg a shekarar 1858 Louis III, Grand Duke na Hesse . Heran uwanta uku, Louise, George, da Louis, daga baya sun zama Sarauniyar Sweden, Marquess na Milford Haven, da Earl Mountbatten na Burma bi da bi.An yi wa kirista Victoria Alice Elizabeth Julia Marie a Darmstadt ranar 25 ga watan Afrilu shekarar 1885. Tana da wasu iyayen Allah guda shida: kakansu uku da suka rage, Grand Duke Louis na Hesse, Prince Alexander na Hesse da Rhine, da Julia, Princess of Battenberg; kakanta Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna na Russia da gimbiya Marie na Erbach-Schönberg ; da kakarta Sarauniya Victoria. ^[2] Alice ta yi amfani da ƙuruciyarta a tsakanin Darmstadt, London, Jugenheim, da Malta (inda mahaifinsu jami'in sojan ruwan yake a wasu lokutan). ^[3] Mahaifiyarta ta lura cewa tayi jinkirin koyan magana, kuma ta damu da yadda ake furta kalamanta marasa tushe. A ƙarshe, an gano ta da kurma bayan haihuwarta bayan kakarta, Princess Battenberg, ta gano matsalar kuma ta kai ta ga ƙwararren likitan kunne. Tare da ƙarfafawa daga mahaifiyarta, Alice ta koya wa karatu biyu da leɓe ta harshen Ingilishi da Jamusanci. ^[4] Koyon karatu ne mai zaman kansa, ta yi karatun Faransanci, ^[5] kuma daga baya, bayan takaddamarta, ta koyi Hellenanci . ^[6] Shekarunta na farko sun kasance tare da dangin danginsa, kuma ita amarya ce a bikin auren Duke na York (daga baya King George V ) da Maryamu ta Teck a 1893. ^[7] Bayan 'yan makonni kafin ranar haihuwar ta na sha shida ta halarci jana'izar Sarauniya Victoria a cikin St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, kuma jim kaɗan bayan haka an tabbatar da shi cikin bangaskiyar Anglican . ^[8]

Gimbiya Alice ta sadu da Yarima Andrew na Girka da Denmark (wanda aka sani da suna Andrea a cikin dangi), ɗan na huɗu na sarki George I na Girka da Olga Constantinovna na Rasha, yayin da suke Landan don Sarki King na Edward VII na 1902. ^[9] Sun yi aure a cikin bikin jama'a a 6 Oktoba 1903 a Darmstadt. Kashegari, an yi bukukuwan aure biyu na addini; daya Lutheran a Ikilisiyar Ikklisiya, da kuma Orthodox Orthodox a cikin dakin ibada na Rasha a kan Mathildenhöhe . ^[10] Ta ɗauki salon mijinta, ta zama "Princess Andrew". ^[11] Amarya da ango sun kasance suna da alaƙa da gidan sarauta na Burtaniya, Jamus, Russia, Denmark, da Girka, kuma bikin auren nasu ya kasance ɗayan manyan tarurrukan zuriyar Sarauniya Victoria da Christian IX na Denmark da aka gudanar kafin Yakin Duniya na ɗaya . ^[12] Yarima da Gimbiya Andrew na da 'ya'ya biyar, dukkansu kuma daga baya sunada' yayansu. Bayan bikin aurensu, Yarima Andrew ya ci gaba da aiki a aikin soja kuma Princess Andrew ya shiga cikin ayyukan agaji. A shekara ta 1908, ta ziyarci Rasha don bikin Grand Duchess Marie na Rasha da Yarima William na Sweden . Yayin da take can, ta yi magana da kakanta, Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna, wacce ke tsara tsare-tsaren don kafuwar tsarin kula da ilimin addini. Gimbiya Andrew ta halarci jigon harsashin ginin sabuwar cocin. Daga baya a shekara, Grand Duchess ya fara ba da duk mallakarta a shirye don ƙarin rayuwa ta ruhaniya. ^[13] Bayan dawowar su Girka, Yarima da Gimbiya Andrew sun ga halin da ake ciki na siyasa yana taɓarɓarewa, saboda gwamnatin Athens ta ƙi goyi bayan majalisar dokokin Cretan, wacce ta yi kira ga ƙungiyar Crete (wacce har yanzu tana cikin mulkin Ottoman ) tare da yankin Girka. Wata rukunin jami’an da basu gamsu da ita ba sun kirkiro wata kungiyar soja mai kishin kasa ta Girka wacce a karshe ta kai ga murabus din Yarima Andrew daga aikin soja da kuma karuwar ikon Eleftherios Venizelos . ^[14]

Sakamakon tashin Balkan Wars, an sake dawo da Yarima Andrew a cikin sojoji, kuma Gimbiya Andrew ta zama mai jinya, tana taimakawa a ayyukan da kuma kafa asibitoci a filin, aikin da Sarki George V ya ba ta na Royal Red Cross a shekarar 1913. ^[15] A lokacin yakin duniya na daya, surukinta Sarki Constantine I na Girka sun bi ka'idodin tsaka tsaki duk da cewa dimokaradiyya da aka zaba ta Venizelos tana goyon bayan Allies . Gimbiya Andrew da 'ya'yanta an tilasta musu yin mafaka a cikin harabar fada a lokacinda aka yi kisan Faransawa a Athens ranar 1 ga watan Disamba shekarar 1916. ^[16] Ya zuwa watan Yuni shekarar 1917, kawancewar Sarki ta shiga tsakani ya zama abin da har ya sa ba a tilasta ta ita da sauran membobin gidan sarautar Girka a zaman bauta yayin da surukarta ta kaurace. A cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa, mafi yawan dangin sarauta na Girka sun zauna a Switzerland . ^[17]

Iyalin sun zauna a wani karamin gida da Princess George na Girka suka yi a Saint-Cloud, a bayan birnin Paris, inda Princess Andrew ya taimaka a shagon sadaka don 'yan gudun hijirar Girka. ^[18] Ta fara bin addini sosai, kuma a cikin watan Oktoba shekarar 1928, ta musulunta zuwa Cocin Orthodox na Girka . ^[19] A wannan lokacin hunturu, ta juya zuwa Turanci na kare mijinta game da abin da ya aikata yayin Yaƙin Greco-Turkish. ^{[20] [21]} Bayan haka bayan haka, ta fara da'awar cewa tana samun sakon Allah kuma tana da iko na warkarwa. ^[22] A cikin shekarar 1930, bayan fama da mummunan tashin hankali, Princess Andrew ya kamu da cutar kansa ta rashin hankali, da farko ta Thomas Ross, likitan mahaukata wanda ya kware a hargitsi, daga baya kuma Sir Maurice Craig, wanda ya kula da Sarki George na gaba a gaba kafin ya yi magana. far. ^[23] An tabbatar da gano cutar a asibitin santa na Ernst Simmel a Tegel, Berlin . ^[24] An cire Gimbiya Andrew daga danginsa da karfi kuma aka sanya shi a asibitin Sanda na Ludwig Binswanger a Kreuzlingen, Switzerland. ^[25] Mashahuri ne kuma sanannen ma'aikata tare da marasa lafiya da dama, wadanda suka hada da Vaslav Nijinsky, mawaƙa da mawaƙa, waɗanda ke can a lokaci guda kamar yadda Gimbiya Andrew. ^[26] Binswanger ya kuma gano gimbiya ta da cutar schizophrenia. Dukansu shi da Simmel sun nemi shawarar Sigmund Freud, wanda ya yi imanin cewa yaudarar ta ne sakamakon ɓacin rai. Ya ba da shawarar " X-raying her ovaries don ya kashe mata libido." Gimbiya Andrew ta nuna rashin amincewar ta da cewa tana da raunin kuma sau da yawa ta yi kokarin barin matsugunin. ^[23]

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II, Princess Andrew yana cikin mawuyacin hali na samun surukuta ya yi yaƙi da Jamusawa da ɗa a cikin rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Biritaniya. Kakanninta, Prince Victor zu Erbach-Schönberg , ^[27] shi ne jakadan na Jamus a Girka har zuwa lokacin da sojojin Axis suka kwace iko da Athens a cikin watan Afrilun shekarar 1941. Ita da surukarta, Gimbiya Nicholas na Girka, sun zauna a Athens tsawon lokacin yakin, yayin da yawancin kabilun gidan sarautar Girka suka kasance a cikin zaman gudun hijira a Afirka ta Kudu. ^{[28] [29]} Ta fita daga ƙaramin ɗakinta kuma ta shiga gidan surukarta gidan George guda uku a tsakiyar Athens. Ta yi aiki a kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross, ta taimaka wajen shirya kayan dafa abinci na miya don matsananciyar yunwa sannan ta tashi zuwa Sweden don dawo da kayayyakin asibiti a kan batun ziyarar 'yar uwarta, Louise, wacce ta auri Yarima . ^[30] Ta shirya matsuguni biyu ga marayu da yaran da suka rasa, da kuma wurin kula da marasa lafiya don mahallai marasa kyau. ^[31]

1. ↑ Vickers, p. 2
2. ↑ Vickers, p. 19
3. ↑ Vickers, Hugo (2004), "Alice, Princess (1885–1969)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/66337, retrieved 8 May 2009
4. ↑ Vickers, pp. 24–26
5. ↑ Vickers, p. 57
6. ↑ Vickers, pp. 57, 71
7. ↑ Vickers, pp. 29–48
8. ↑ Vickers, p. 51
9. ↑ Vickers, p. 52
10. ↑ The Russian Chapel was the personal possession of Nicholas II of Russia and his wife Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse), Alice's maternal aunt. It was constructed between 1897 and 1899 at the personal expense of the Russian imperial couple for use during family visits to Darmstadt. Source: Seide, Georg (1997), Die Russische Orthodoxe Kirche der Hl. Maria Magdalena auf der Mathildenhöhe in Darmstadt (in German), Munich: Russische Orthodoxe Kirche im Ausland, p. 2, ISBN 3-926165-73-1CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
11. ↑ Eilers, p. 181
12. ↑ Vickers, Hugo (2004), "Alice, Princess (1885–1969)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/66337, retrieved 8 May 2009
13. ↑ Vickers, pp. 82–83
14. ↑ Clogg, pp. 97–99
15. ↑ Vickers, Hugo (2004), "Alice, Princess (1885–1969)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/66337, retrieved 8 May 2009
16. ↑ Vickers, p. 121
17. ↑ Van der Kiste, pp. 96 ff.
18. ↑ Vickers, pp. 176–178
19. ↑ Vickers, Hugo (2004), "Alice, Princess (1885–1969)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/66337, retrieved 8 May 2009
20. ↑ Greece, H.R.H. Prince Andrew of (1930), Towards Disaster: The Greek Army in Asia Minor in 1921, Translated and Preface by H.R.H. Princess Andrew of Greece, London: John Murray
21. ↑ Vickers, pp. 198–199
22. ↑ Vickers, p. 200
23. ↑ ^{23.0 23.1} Cohen, D. (2013), "Freud and the British Royal Family", The Psychologist, Vol. 26, No. 6, pp. 462–463
24. ↑ Vickers, p. 205
25. ↑ Vickers, p. 209
26. ↑ Vickers, p. 213
27. ↑ The son of Princess Andrew's godmother and aunt, Princess Marie of Battenberg, who had married into the Erbach-Schönberg family.
28. ↑ Vickers, p. 292
29. ↑ "Princess Andrew, Mother of the Duke of Edinburgh", The Times, London, p. 8 col. E, 6 December 1969
30. ↑ Vickers, pp. 293–295
31. ↑ Vickers, p. 297