Ɗan wasa

jarumi
sana'a, sana'a da occupation group according to ISCO-08 (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	dan nishadi da creative and performing artist (en)
Field of this occupation (en)	Umarni na yan wasa
Patron saint (en)	Genesius of Rome (en)
ISCO-08 occupation class (en)	2655
EntitySchema for this class (en)	Entity schema not supported yet (E25)
ISCO-88 occupation class (en)	2455 da 2655

Jarumi ko ƴan wasan kwaikwayo, shine mutumin da ke nuna hali a cikin furodusa. ^[1] Jarumin yana yin “cikin jiki”a fagen wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya ko kuma a kafofin watsa labarai na zamani kamar su fim, rediyo, da talabijin . Kalmar Girkanci mai kama da ita ita ce ὑποκριτής ( hupokritḗs ), a zahiri "wanda ya amsa". ^[2] Fassarar rawar da ɗan wasan ya yi — fasahar yin wasan kwaikwayo — ta shafi rawar da aka taka, walau bisa ga mutum na gaske ko kuma na almara. Hakanan ana iya la'akari da wannan a matsayin "matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo," wanda aka kira wannan saboda littattafan da ake amfani da su a gidajen wasan kwaikwayo. Fassara yana faruwa ko da lokacin da mai wasan kwaikwayo yana "wasa da kansu", kamar yadda a cikin wasu nau'ikan fasaha na gwaji.

A da, a tsohuwar Girka da duniya ta tsakiya, da kuma a Ingila a lokacin William Shakespeare, maza ne kawai za su iya zama ƴan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma maza ko maza ne ke taka rawar mata. ^[3] Yayin da Romawa ta dā ta ba da izinin masu wasan kwaikwayo na mata, ƙananan tsiraru ne kawai aka ba su sassan magana. commedia dell'arte na Italiya, duk da haka, ya ba wa mata ƙwararrun damar yin wasan kwaikwayo da wuri; Lucrezia Di Siena, wanda sunansa yana kan kwangilar 'yan wasan kwaikwayo daga 10 Oktoba 1564, an kira shi a matsayin 'yar wasan Italiya ta farko da aka sani da suna, tare da Vincenza Armani da Barbara Flaminia a matsayin primadonnas na farko da kuma 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na farko da aka rubuta a Italiya ( kuma a Turai). ^[4] Bayan an dawo da Ingilishi na 1660, mata sun fara bayyana a kan mataki a Ingila. A zamanin yau, musamman a cikin pantomime da wasu operas, wasu lokuta mata suna taka rawar samari ko samari. ^[5]

Shari'ar ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na farko da aka yi rikodin ya faru a shekara ta 534 BC (ko da yake sauye-sauye a cikin kalanda tsawon shekaru suna da wuya a tantance daidai) lokacin da mai wasan kwaikwayo na Girka Thespis ya hau kan mataki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo Dionysus ya zama sanannen mutum na farko da ya yi magana. kalmomi a matsayin hali a cikin wasa ko labari. Kafin aikin Thespis, an bayyana labarun Grecia ne kawai a cikin waƙa, raye-raye, da labari na mutum na uku . Don girmama Thespis, 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ana kiran su Thespians . ’Yan wasan kwaikwayo na musamman maza a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na tsohuwar Girka sun yi wasan kwaikwayo iri uku : bala'i, wasan ban dariya, da wasan satyr . ^[6] Wannan ya haɓaka kuma ya faɗaɗa sosai a ƙarƙashin Romawa . Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na d ¯ a Roma wani nau'i ne mai ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa, kama daga wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na titi, raye- rayen tsiraici, da wasan motsa jiki, zuwa shirya wasan kwaikwayo na halin da ake ciki, zuwa manyan salo, bala'i na magana.

Yayin da Daular Rum ta Yamma ta faɗo cikin ruɓa ta cikin ƙarni na 4 da na 5, an ƙaura kujerar mulkin Roma zuwa gabas zuwa Konstantinoful . Bayanai sun nuna cewa mime, pantomime, fage ko karatuttukan da suka shafi bala'i da barkwanci, raye-raye, da sauran abubuwan nishadi sun shahara sosai. Daga karni na 5, Yammacin Turai ya shiga cikin wani lokacin rashin lafiya. Ƙananan ƙungiyoyin ƴan wasan kwaikwayo na makiyaya sun yi yawo a Turai cikin tsawon lokacin, suna yin wasan kwaikwayo a duk inda suka sami masu sauraro; babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa sun samar da komai sai fage. ^[7] A al'adance, 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ba su da matsayi mai girma; don haka, a farkon zamanai na tsakiya, ana yawan kallon ƴan wasan kwaikwayo da rashin yarda. Ikilisiya ta yi Allah wadai da ’yan wasan kwaikwayo na Farko na Tsakiya a lokacin Duhu, domin ana kallon su a matsayin masu haɗari, fasikai, da arna . A yawancin sassa na Turai, imani na al'ada na yankin da lokaci yana nufin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ba za su iya samun binne Kirista ba.

A tsakiyar zamanai na farko, majami'u a Turai sun fara tsara nau'ikan abubuwan da suka faru na Littafi Mai Tsarki. A tsakiyar karni na 11, wasan kwaikwayo na liturgical ya yadu daga Rasha zuwa Scandinavia zuwa Italiya. Idin wawaye ya ƙarfafa haɓakar wasan kwaikwayo. A cikin Marigayi Tsakiyar Zamani, an shirya wasan kwaikwayo a garuruwa 127. Waɗannan wasannin kwaikwayo na Mystery na yaren galibi suna ɗauke da wasan ban dariya, tare da ƴan wasan kwaikwayo suna wasa da shaidanu, mugaye, da kuma ƴan wasa . ^[8] Yawancin ƴan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin waɗannan wasannin an zana su ne daga al'ummar yankin. Masu wasan kwaikwayo a Ingila maza ne kawai, amma wasu ƙasashe suna da ƴan wasan kwaikwayo mata.

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  Abbas Fassaei dan wasan kwaikwayo
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  Jarumi/Akto Andreas Manual Berger

1. ↑ "The dramatic world can be extended to include the 'author', the 'audience' and even the 'theatre'; but these remain 'possible' surrogates, not the 'actual' referents as such" (Elam 1980, 110).
2. ↑ Empty citation (help)Hypokrites (related to our word for hypocrite) also means, less often, "to answer" the tragic chorus. See Weimann (1978, 2); see also Csapo and Slater, who offer translations of classical source material using the term hypocrisis (acting) (1994, 257, 265–267).
3. ↑ Empty citation (help)
4. ↑ Giacomo Oreglia (2002). Commedia dell'arte. Ordfront. 08033994793.ABA
5. ↑ Empty citation (help)
6. ↑ Brockett and Hildy (2003, 15–19).
7. ↑ Brockett and Hildy (2003, 75)
8. ↑ Brockett and Hildy (2003, 86)