Habo

Habo
A three-year-old child with a minor nosebleed from falling and hitting his face on the floor
Symptoms	Bleeding from the nose[1]
Usual onset	Less than 10 and over 50 years old[2]
Risk factors	Trauma, excessive nose-picking, certain infections, blood thinners, high blood pressure, alcoholism, seasonal allergies, dry weather[3]
Diagnostic method	Direct observation[1]
Differential diagnosis	Bleeding from the lungs, esophageal varices,[1] vomiting blood
Prevention	Petroleum jelly in the nose[4]
Treatment	Pressure over the lower half of the nose, nasal packing, endoscopy[5]
Medication	Tranexamic acid[6]
Frequency	60% at some point in time[7]
Deaths	Rare[3]

Habo
Description (en)
Iri	bleeding (en) nose symptom (en)
Identifier (en)
ICD-10-CM	R04.0
ICD-9-CM	784.7
ICD-10	R04.0
ICD-9	784.7
DiseasesDB	18327
MedlinePlus	003106
eMedicine	003106
MeSH	D004844

Habo, wanda kuma aka sani da epistaxis, misali ne na zubar jini daga hanci . Jini na iya gangara zuwa cikin ciki, kuma yana haifar da tashin zuciya da amai . A lokutan da yayi tsanani, jini na iya fitowa daga cikin hanci biyu. ^[8] Bai cika faruwa ba, amma zubda jini na iya saka karfin hawan jini ya ragu. ^[9]Hakanan jini na iya fitowa daga duct na nasolacrimal kuma ya fita daga ido.

Abubuwan daka iya kawoshi sun hada da sun haɗa da rauni, ciki har da sanya yatsa a cikin hanci, masu ba da jini, hawan jini, shan barasa, rashin lafiyar yanayi, yanayin bushewa . ^[10]habo ya kasu gida biyu: na daya shine na gaba, wanda ya fi kowane yawa ; da na baya, wanda ba shi da yawa amma ya fi tsanani. Jinin na gaba gabaɗaya yana fitowa daga plexus Kiesselbach yayin da jini na baya gabaɗaya yana fitowa daga jijiya sphenopalatine . ^[11]Sakamakon ganewar asali shine ta hanyar kallo kai tsaye.

kariya daga faruwar hakan na iya haɗawa da amfani da jelly na man fetur a cikin hanci. ^[4] Da farko, magani gabaɗaya shine aikace-aikacen matsa lamba na akalla mintuna biyar akan ƙasan rabin hanci. ^[5] Idan wannan bai wadatar ba, ana iya amfani da tattarawar hanci . ^[5] Tranexamic acid kuma na iya taimakawa. ^[6] Idan zubar jini ya ci gaba, ana ba da shawarar endoscopy . ^[5]

Kusan kashi 60 cikin 100 na mutane sun taba yin habo a wani lokaci a rayuwarsu. Kusan kashi 10% na jinin hanci suna da tsanani. ^[12]Jinin hanci ba kasafai yake yin kisa ba, wanda ya kai 4 kawai daga cikin miliyan 2.4 da suka mutu a Amurka a shekarar 1999. Ciwon hanci ya fi shafar wadanda ke kasa da shekara 10 zuwa sama da 50. ^[2]

Habo na iya faruwa saboda dalilai da dama. Wasu daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi sani sun haɗa da rauni daga tsokalar hanci, rauni wanda ya tsananta (kamar haɗarin abin hawa), ko shigar da wani abu a cikin hanci (mafi yawa a yara). ^[13]Dangantakar zafi na muhalli (ciki har da gine-gine masu zafi na tsakiya), cututtuka na hanyoyin iska, , mura, rhinitis ko abubuwan da zasu iya canzawar hanci na iya haifar da kumburi da kaurarawar na fata din dake a cikin hanci, haifar da yiwuwar zubar da jini daga hanci.^[14]

Yawancin abubuwan da ke haifar habo da suna iya warkewa da kansu sannan kuma ba sa buƙatar kulawar likita., saidai kuma idan jini na hanci yana zowa bayan lokaci zuwa lokaci ko kuma bai amsa maganin gida ba,irin wannan yana buƙatar bincike. An jera wasu daga cikin dalilan dake kawo habo kamar haka ^{[15] [16] [17]}

• Thrombocytopenia ( thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ).
• Cutar von Willebrand
• Hemophilia
• Cutar sankarar bargo
• HIV
• Ciwon hanta na yau da kullun -cirrhosis yana haifar da rashi na factor II, VII, IX, & X

• Sulfur dioxide (sulfur dioxide) E220 (a matsayin abinci mai kiyayewa da ake amfani dashi musamman a cikin giya, busassun 'ya'yan itatuwa, da sauransu. )
• Sulfites a matsayin masu kiyaye abinci
• Salicylates da ke faruwa a cikin wasu 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan

• granulomatosis tare da polyangiitis

• Anticoagulation ( warfarin, heparin, aspirin, da dai sauransu). )
• Magunguna masu lalacewa (musamman cocaine )
• Nasal sprays (musamman tsawaitawa ko rashin amfani da kwayoyin steroids na hanci)

• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Adenoid cystic carcinoma
• Melanoma
• Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
• Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
• Zubar da hanci na iya zama alamar ciwon daji a yankin sinus, wanda ba kasafai ba ne, ko ciwace-ciwacen da ke farawa daga gindin kwakwalwa, kamar meningioma . Saboda wuri mai mahimmanci, zubar jinin hanci da ciwace-ciwacen daji ke haifarwa yawanci yana da alaƙa da wasu alamomi, kamar matsalolin ji ko hangen nesa. ^[18]

• • Nakasar jiki ( misali septal spurs)
  • Ciwon kai (yawanci bugun fuska kamar naushi, wani lokacin yana rakiyar karayar hanci )
  • Jiki na waje (kamar yatsu yayin ɗaukar hanci )
  • Dijital rauni
  • Barotrauma na kunne na tsakiya (kamar daga zuriya a cikin jirgin sama ko hawan hawan ruwa)
  • Karyewar kashi na hanci
  • Karya/katsewa
  • Tiyata ( misali septoplasty da aikin endoscopic sinus tiyata )
  • Jinin hanci na iya kasancewa saboda karyewar kasusuwan fuska wato maxilla da zygoma.Mai rauni

Jijiyoyin jini

• Hemorrhagic telangiectasia (cutar Osler-Weber-Rendu)
• Angioma
• Aneurysm na carotid artery

Mucosa na hanci yana dauke da wadataccen jini wanda zai iya rushewa cikin sauƙi kuma ya haifar da zubar jini. Fashewa na iya zama na kai tsaye ko kuma ya fara ta ta hanyar rauni. An ba da rahoton zubar da jini a cikin kashi 60% na yawan jama'a tare da mafi yawan abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin waɗanda ba su kai shekaru goma ba da kuma sama da shekaru 50 kuma suna bayyana a cikin maza fiye da mata. ^[19]

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1 1.2} Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Fer2013
2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1} Krulewitz, NA; Fix, ML (February 2019). "Epistaxis". Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 37 (1): 29–39. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2018.09.005. PMID 30454778. S2CID 242676103
3. ↑ ^{3.0 3.1} Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Stat2019
4. ↑ ^{4.0 4.1} Tabassom, A; Cho, JJ (January 2020). "Epistaxis (Nose Bleed)". StatPearls. PMID 28613768
5. ↑ ^{5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3} Joseph, Jonathan; Martinez-Devesa, Pablo; Bellorini, Jenny; Burton, Martin J (2018-12-31). Cochrane ENT Group (ed.). "Tranexamic acid for patients with nasal haemorrhage (epistaxis)". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018 (12): CD004328. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004328.pub3. PMC 6517002. PMID 30596479
6. ↑ ^{6.0 6.1} Wackym, James B. Snow,... P. Ashley (2009). Ballenger's otorhinolaryngology : head and neck surgery (17th ed.). Shelton, Conn.: People's Medical Pub. House/B C Decker. p. 551. ISBN 9781550093377
7. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Wac2009
8. ↑ Kucik, Corry J.; Clenney, Timothy (2005-01-15). "Management of epistaxis". American Family Physician. 71 (2): 305–311. ISSN 0002-838X. PMID 15686301
9. ↑ Ferri, Fred F. (2013). Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2014 E-Book: 5 Books in 1. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 399. ISBN 978-0-323-08431-4.
10. ↑ Tabassom, A; Cho, JJ (January 2020). "Epistaxis (Nose Bleed)". StatPearls. PMID 28613768
11. ↑ Tabassom, A; Cho, JJ (January 2020). "Epistaxis (Nose Bleed)". StatPearls. PMID 28613768
12. ↑ Wilson, I. Dodd (1990). Walker, H. Kenneth; Hall, W. Dallas; Hurst, J. Willis (eds.). Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations (3rd ed.). Boston:
13. ↑ Riordan-Eva, Paul (2000). Vaughan and Asbury's General Ophthalmology. McGraw Hill Professional. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-07-137831-4.
14. ↑ "Work Table I. Deaths from each cause by 5-year age groups, race and sex: US, 1999" (PDF). CDC. 2011. p. 1922. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
15. ↑ Svider, Peter; Arianpour, Khashayar; Mutchnick, Sean (June 2018). "Management of Epistaxis in Children and Adolescents". Pediatric Clinics of North America. 65 (3): 607–621. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2018.02.007. ISSN 0031-3955. PMID 29803286. S2CID 44125103
16. ↑ "Nosebleeds & Headaches: Do You Have Brain Cancer?". Advanced Neurosurgery Associates. 2020-11-19. Retrieved 2020-12-14.
17. ↑ Corry J. Kucik; Timothy Clenney (January 15, 2005). "Management of Epistaxis". American Family Physician. American Academy of Family Physicians. 71 (2): 305–311. PMID 15686301. Archived from the original on August 29, 2008. Retrieved January 31, 2010.
18. ↑ J. F. Lubianca Neto; F. D. Fuchs; S. R. Facco; M. Gus; L. Fasolo; R. Mafessoni; A. L. Gleissner (1999). "Is epistaxis evidence of end-organ damage in patients with hypertension?". Laryngoscope. 109 (7): 1111–1115. doi:10.1097/00005537-199907000-00019. PMID 10401851. S2CID 22724992
19. ↑ Empty citation (help)