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Plastic pollution

From Wikipedia

 Plastic pollution be serious environmental isssue wey plastic wey dey accumulate for the earth dey cause am.Plastic fi harm humans, wildlife, plus dema habitat.[1] [2]Plastic waste dey comot for different sizes,dem get macro den micro,plus e sana make difficult make e degrade naturally.[3][4]Despite dema durability plus low cost, plastic dey pose chaw threat give wanna ecosystem plus wanna food chain due to ein persistence for de enivronment insyd.[5]

Plastic pollution be significant issue wey dey affect land, waterways, plus oceans, 1.1 to 8.8 million tonnes plastic waste wey dey enter de ocean annually.As 2013 dey end,na we get approximately 86 million tons plastic marine debris worldwide.[6]

Global plastic production come increase rapidly comot 1.5 million tons for 1950 insyd go 335 million for 2016 insyd, wey dem nodey treat chaw plastic product properly.Dis come dey cause harm give de environment..[7]

Researchers dey predict say by 2050,chaw plastic go dey than de fishes wey dey de ocean insyd.[8]Marine animals dey for risk through de plastic wey dey de ocean insyd, ingestion, plus edey expose de marine animals to chemicals.Efit effect human also cos we dey consume plastic food plus water wey spoil, all dis dey disrupt human hormonal functions. [9]

[10] For 2019 insyd, 368 million tonnes plastic wey produce annually, wey 51% dey comot Asia, wey China dey lead. Dis dey lead to chaw plastic pollution for de environment insyd wey esanso dey threaten wildlife like seabirds.[11] From 1950s come go 2018, 6.3 billion tonnes plastic wey produce globally, but dem recycle only 9% wey dem incinerate 12%.[12]Efforts wey dem dey take make dem reduce plastic waste be consumption reduction, litter cleanup, plus recycling promotion [13]

2020 insyd, na global plastic production surpass biomass wey dey all lands plus marine animals.amendment give de Basel Convention for May 2019 insyd aim make e control export plus import of plastic waste sosey dem go prevent countries wey develop from sending am go countries wey dey develop. [14]175 countries pledge for Nairobi on March 2, 2022, sey dem go create binding agreement by 2024 wey go eliminate plastic pollution.[15][16][17][18][19]

Na report dey give plastic industry capitalizing wey dey concern health issues so sey dem go boost single-use plastic production. [20]As na COVID-19 pandemic dey , Na plastic waste production surge as na demand give protective equipment plus packaging dey rise.Chaw plastic end up for de ocean insyd,especially medical waste plus masks.[21][22][23][24]

The pathway by which plastics enters the world's oceans
Beach cleanup in Ghana
Plastic bottle stuck on edge of river

Plastic production

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9.2 billion tonnes of plastic wey dem estimated produce between 1950 plus 2017. More than half of dis plastic dey produce since 2004. all de plastic wey dem discard so far, dem incinerate 14% wey dem recycle less than 10%.[25]

Decomposition of plastics

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Average estimated decomposition times of typical marine debris items. Plastic items are shown in blue.

 

Single-serve sachets are a major contributor to plastic pollution, especially in developing countries

Major plastic waste generator and polluter countries

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Share of plastic waste that is inadequately managed
Per capita mismanaged plastic waste (in kilograms per person per day)

Plastic pollution

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for 2022 insyd, na United States National Academy of Sciences estimate global plastic wey dey enter enter de ocean at 8 million metric tons annually. A 2021 study by de Ocean Cleanup rank countries by dema river-convey plastic, wey de top ten countries be Philippines, India, Malaysia, China, Indonesia, Myanmar, Brazil, Vietnam, Bangladesh, plus Thailand.

Top plastic polluters as of 2010[update]
Position Country Plastic pollution

(in 1000 tonnes per year)
1 China 8820
2 Indonesia 3220
3 Philippines 1880
4 Vietnam 1830
5 Sri Lanka 1590
6 Thailand 1030
7 Egypt 970
8 Malaysia 940
9 Nigeria 850
10 Bangladesh 790
11 South Africa 630
12 India 600
13 Algeria 520
14 Turkey 490
15 Pakistan 480
16 Brazil 470
17 Myanmar 460
18 Morocco 310
19 North Korea 300
20 United States 280

Effects

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Effects for de environment Top

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De distribution of plastic debris dey affect factors like wind, ocean currents,coastline geography, urban areas, plus trade routes.De concentration of plastics dey very high for certain area like de Caribbean due to human population. Plastics fi transport organisms go new environments, impacting biodiversity. dem sanso dey transport chemical contaminants like persistent organic pollutants plus heavy metals..[26]

Volunteers clearing gutters in Ilorin, Nigeria during a volunteer sanitation day. Even when there is adequate infrastructure for sanitation, plastic pollution can prevent drainage and impede sewage flow.
The unaltered stomach contents of a dead albatross chick photographed on Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge in the Pacific in September 2009 include plastic marine debris fed to the chick by its parents
An American robin dead after becoming tangled in discarded fishing line
The site where the refuse is being recycled in Ghana

References

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  1. ↑ http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1589019/plastic-pollution
  2. ↑ https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2018/06/plastic-planet-waste-pollution-trash-crisis
  3. ↑ [1]
  4. ↑ https://coastalcare.org/2020/01/plastic-pollution-when-the-mermaids-cry-the-great-plastic-tide-by-claire-le-guern/
  5. ↑ https://knowablemagazine.org/article/food-environment/2023/how-to-recycle-plastic-with-enzymes
  6. ↑ Jambeck, Jenna R.; Geyer, Roland; Wilcox, Chris; Siegler, Theodore R.; Perryman, Miriam; Andrady, Anthony; Narayan, Ramani; Law, Kara Lavender (2015-02-13). "Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean". Science (in English). 347 (6223): 768–771. Bibcode:2015Sci...347..768J. doi:10.1126/science.1260352. PMID 25678662. S2CID 206562155.https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.1260352
  7. ↑ Li, Penghui; Wang, Xiaodan; Su, Min; Zou, Xiaoyan; Duan, Linlin; Zhang, Hongwu (2021-10-01). "Characteristics of Plastic Pollution in the Environment: A Review". Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (in English). 107 (4): 577–584. Bibcode:2021BuECT.107..577L. doi:10.1007/s00128-020-02820-1. ISSN 1432-0800. PMID 32166334. S2CID 212681362.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-020-02820-1
  8. ↑ http://www.cnn.com/2016/12/12/world/sutter-vanishing-help/
  9. ↑ Ziani, K; Ioniță-Mîndrican, CB; Mititelu, M; Neacșu, SM; Negrei, C; Moroșan, E; Drăgănescu, D; Preda, OT (25 January 2023). "Microplastics: A Real Global Threat for Environment and Food Safety: A State of the Art Review". Nutrients. 15 (3): 617. doi:10.3390/nu15030617. PMC 9920460. PMID 36771324.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9920460/
  10. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20210901235830/https://www.plasticseurope.org/application/files/8016/1125/2189/AF_Plastics_the_facts-WEB-2020-ING_FINAL.pdf
  11. ↑ "The known unknowns of plastic pollution". The Economist. 3 March 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2018.https://www.economist.com/news/international/21737498-so-far-it-seems-less-bad-other-kinds-pollution-about-which-less-fuss-made
  12. ↑ https://globalnomadic.com/turning-rubbish-into-money-environmental-innovation-leads-the-way/
  13. ↑ https://www.unenvironment.org/news-and-stories/story/picking-litter-pointless-exercise-or-powerful-tool-battle-beat-plastic
  14. ↑ https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/dec/09/human-made-materials-now-outweigh-earths-entire-biomass-study
  15. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20210220014137/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/us-plastic-pollution
  16. ↑ https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/governments-agree-landmark-decisions-protect-people-and-planet
  17. ↑ https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/may/10/nearly-all-the-worlds-countries-sign-plastic-waste-deal-except-us
  18. ↑ https://phys.org/news/2019-05-nations-export-plastic.html
  19. ↑ https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/historic-day-campaign-beat-plastic-pollution-nations-commit-develop
  20. ↑ https://www.euronews.com/green/2021/09/22/great-bubble-barrier-how-bubbles-are-keeping-plastic-out-of-the-sea
  21. ↑ https://www.plasticsnews.com/news/plastics-industry-adapts-business-during-covid-19
  22. ↑ https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/05/plastic-pollution-waste-pandemic-covid19-coronavirus-recycling-sustainability/
  23. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20211218161024/https://drillednews.com/big-oil-bets-big-on-plastic/
  24. ↑ https://www.euronews.com/2020/05/12/will-plastic-pollution-get-worse-after-the-covid-19-pandemic
  25. ↑ http://www.unep.org/resources/report/drowning-plastics-marine-litter-and-plastic-waste-vital-graphics
  26. ↑ Barnes, D. K. A.; Galgani, F.; Thompson, R. C.; Barlaz, M. (14 June 2009). "Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 364 (1526): 1985–1998. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0205. PMC 2873009. PMID 19528051.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2008.0205
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