katarungan

Learned borrowing from Cebuano katarongan (“justice”) in the early 20^th century, from tarong (“just; proper”) + ka- -an (abstract noun-forming circumfix). Compare Pangasinan katonongan and Bikol Central katadongan.

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key): /kataˈɾuŋan/ [kɐ.t̪ɐˈɾuː.ŋɐn̪]
    • Rhymes: -uŋan
  • IPA^(key): /kataɾuˈŋan/ [kɐ.t̪ɐ.ɾʊˈŋan̪] (obsolete)
• Syllabification: ka‧ta‧ru‧ngan

katarungan (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜆᜇᜓᜅᜈ᜔)

1. justice

   Synonyms: hustisya, (obsolete) katuwiran

   • 1906, La Solidaridad, “Kaluwalhatian ng isang Bayan”, in El Renacimiento‎^[1], page 5:

     Sa ng̃ayón máng mg̃a panahong itó, na may pamagat na siglo ng̃ kaliwinagan^[sic] at kinapananaigán ng tunay na Mawid at ng Katarung̃an (justicia,) ay may matatagpuán pang kung di man pag uugali ay may malilinaw na bakás ng lumipas na kabalawisan ng̃ mg̃a bayan sa unang pusakál na malulupit at masasakim.

     Even around these current times, with a title of a century of enlightenment and being triumphed by the true reasonable and by justice, there will still be things to be found if not practices, then there are clear marks of the past cruelty of the towns on the first eras which were violent and greedy.

   • 1914, Pedro Gatmaitan, Tungkos ng̃ alaala: katipunan ng̃a mg̃a tulã:

     Siyang̃â! At dì man ganáp na liwanag ó dì man tagumpáy ang aming mámalas sa katarung̃an mó't mg̃a pagsisikap sa pagsasarilí ng̃ bayan mong apí'y mayroón na ng̃ayón kahì't bábanaag ng̃ isáng pag-asa at dakilàng palad, anopá ng̃â't kamí'y tubós na sa hirap.

     Indeed! And even though what we'll get from your justice and efforts in the independence of your oppressed nation is not absolute light nor even victory, there is now even a glimpse of hope and glorious fortune, what else would it really be but we're already redeemed from hardship.

   • 1933, Antonio G. Sempio, Ang punyal na ginto:

     May katarungang lalong dakila na makasusumpong ng lalong tumpak na kaparusahan sa mga mapangapi——iyan ang katarungan ng Dios!

     There is justice even greater that would be able to be find a more righteous punishment towards the oppressors, that is the justice of God!

• “katarungan”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018