Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/bitig

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative forms

*bitik

Etymology

From *biti- (“to write”) +‎ *-g.

Noun

*bitig

inscription, scripture

Declension

Declension of *bitig

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*bitig
Accusative	bitigig, bitigni¹⁾
Genitive	*bitigniŋ
Dative	*bitigke
Locative	*bitigde
Ablative	*bitigden
Allative	*bitiggerü
Instrumental ²⁾	*bitigin
Equative ²⁾	*bitigče
Similative ²⁾	*bitigleyü
Comitative ²⁾	*bitigligü

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

→ Hungarian: betű
Oghur:
- Chuvash: пӗтӳ (pĕt̬ü, “amulet”)
Common Turkic: *bitig, *bitik

Proto-Oghuz: *bitig, *bitik
- West Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish: بِتى (biti, “letter, written document”)
    - Azerbaijani: bitik (archaic)
    - Ottoman Turkish: بتى (biti, “letter, written document; memory (literature); bill, document”)
      - Turkish: biti (“letter, post; amulet; notebook; book; forme; amulet; credentials, document, compass, licence; clerk”) (dialectal)
- East Oghuz:
  - Salar: bitik
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: بِتِكٔ (bitig, bitik)
  - Khorezmian Turkic:
    - → Bulgar: بطك (bitik)
    - Chagatai:
      - Uyghur: بېتىك (bëtik)
Kipchak:
- Kipchak: بتو (bitüv, bitiv), بتی (biti), بتك (bitik)^[1]
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: бетеү (betew, “amulet”)
  - Tatar: бөти (böti, “letter, amulet”)
- West Kipchak:
  - Karaim: битик (bitik)
  - Kumyk: битик (bitik, “amulet”)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Kazakh: бітік (bıtık, “letter, scripture”)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰃𐱅𐰏 (b²it²g /⁠bitig⁠/)
  - → Turkish: betik
  - Old Uyghur: [script needed] (bitig)
    - Western Yugur: [script needed] (pïʰtïɣ, “book”)
→ Mongolian: бичиг (bičig)
- → Kyrgyz: бичик (bicik, “book of Kalmyk”)
- → Southern Altai: бичик (bičik, “book”)
- → Khakas: пічік (pìçìk, “book”)
- → Shor: пичик (“script, alphabet”)
- → Tuvan: бижик (bijik)
- → Yakut: бичик (bicik)

References

^ Toparlı, Recep (2007) Kıpçak Türkçesi Sözlüğü‎^[1], 2nd edition, Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, →ISBN, page 33

[2]
“biti”, in Türkiye'de halk ağzından derleme sözlüğü (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1982

[1] Toparlı, Recep (2007) Kıpçak Türkçesi Sözlüğü‎^[1], 2nd edition, Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, →ISBN, page 33

[1]