Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/bar-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Verb

*bar-

(intransitive) to go, to walk
Synonyms: *kē(y)t- (“to go”), *yorï- (“to walk”), *i- (“to walk”), *id- (“to walk”)
(intransitive) to reach, to arrive

Descendants

Oghur:
- Volga Bulgar: بَر (bar)
  - Chuvash: пыр (pyr)
Common Turkic: *bar-

Arghu:
- Khalaj: varmaq
Oghuz:
- Proto-Oghuz: *bar-
  - Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (varmaq)
    - Azerbaijani: varmaq
    - Ottoman Turkish: وارمق (varmak)
      - Turkish: varmak
  - Salar: varğusı
  - Turkmen: barmak
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: بَرْماقْ (barmaq)
  - Karakhanid: [script needed] (barmaq)
    - Chagatai: برماق (barmaq)
      - Uzbek: bormoq
      - Uyghur: بارماق (barmaq)
Kipchak:
- Kipchak: برماق (barmaq)
  - North Kipchak
    - Bashkir: барыу (barıw)
    - Tatar: барырга (barırga)
  - West Kipchak:
    - Crimean Tatar: barmaq
    - Karachay-Balkar: барыргъа (barırğa)
    - Kumyk: бармакъ (barmaq)
  - South Kipchak:
    - Caspian:
      - Kazakh: бару (baru)
      - Karakalpak: барыў
      - Nogai: барув (baruv)
    - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      - Kyrgyz: баруу (baruu)
      - Southern Altai: барар (barar)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰉𐰺 (b¹r¹ /⁠bar-⁠/)
  - Old Uyghur: [script needed] (bar-)
    - Western Yugur: [script needed] (par-)
- North Siberian:
  - Dolgan: бар
  - Yakut: бар (bar)
- South Siberian
  - Sayan:
    - Tuvan: баар (baar)
    - →? Salar: bār
  - Yenisei
    - Shor: пар
    - Khakas: пар (par)

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 354
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 62
Sevortjan, E. V. (1978) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Nauka, pages 64-65
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*bar”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill