Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mḗh₁n̥s

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From earlier *méh₁n̥ss, probably from *meh₁- (“to measure”).

Noun

*mḗh₁n̥s m (oblique stem *méh₁n̥s-)

moon
month

Inflection

Athematic, acrostatic
	singular
nominative	*mḗh₁n̥s
genitive	*méh₁n̥sos
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*mḗh₁n̥s	*mḗh₁n̥sh₁(e)	*mḗh₁n̥ses
vocative	*mḗh₁n̥s	*mḗh₁n̥sh₁(e)	*mḗh₁n̥ses
accusative	*mḗh₁n̥sm̥	*mḗh₁n̥sh₁(e)	*mḗh₁n̥sm̥s
genitive	*méh₁n̥sos	*?	*méh₁n̥soHom
ablative	*méh₁n̥sos	*?	méh₁n̥smos, méh₁n̥sbʰos
dative	*méh₁n̥sey	*?	méh₁n̥smos, méh₁n̥sbʰos
locative	méh₁n̥s, méh₁n̥si	*?	*méh₁n̥su
instrumental	*méh₁n̥sh₁	*?	méh₁n̥smis, méh₁n̥sbʰis

Descendants

Proto-Albanian: *māsnja (metathesized from earlier *mēns-)^[1]^[2]
- Old Albanian: muoj
  - Albanian: muaj, muej
Armenian:^[3]
- Old Armenian: ամիս (amis)
  - Armenian: ամիս (amis)
Proto-Balto-Slavic: *mḗˀn(e)s- ~ *mḗˀnō^[4]
- Baltic:
  - Latvian: mēnesis (“month”), mēness (“moon”)
  - Lithuanian: mė́nuo, mė́nesis
  - Old Prussian: menig (interpreted as corruption of menius, in turn presumably misspelling for original menins^[5])
- Proto-Slavic: *mě̋sę̄cь (< *meh₁n-s-(e)n-ko-)^[6] (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Celtic: *mīns^[7] (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Germanic:
- *mēnô^[8] (see there for further descendants)
- *mēnōþs (< *mēnōt-)^[9] (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Hellenic: *mḗns^[10]
- Attic Greek: μήν (mḗn), μείς (meís)
  - Greek: μήνας (mínas)
- Doric Greek: μής (mḗs)
- Elean Greek: μεύς (meús)
- Aeolic Greek: μῆννος (mênnos)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mā́Has^[11] (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Italic: *mēns-^[12]
- Latin: mēnsis (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Sabellic: *mēns-en-
  - Oscan: minna?^[13]
  - Marsian: mesene (< *mēns-(e)n-(e)i)
  - Umbrian: 𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌆𐌍𐌄 (menzne), 𐌀𐌍𐌕𐌄𐌓⁚𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌆𐌀𐌓𐌖 (anter menzaru) (< *anter-mens-o/ā-)
Proto-Tocharian: *mēñē (< *meh₁nē(n))^[14] (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “muaj ~ muej”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 276
^ Demiraj, B. (1997) “muaj”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[1] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 279
^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “amis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 47-48
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 311–312
^ Reinhold Trautmann: Die altpreußischen Sprachdenkmäler; Göttingen 1910. p. XXIII
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “313”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 312
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 272
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*mēnan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 365
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*mēnōþ-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 365
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “μήν 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 945
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “mēnsis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 373
^ https://www.academia.edu/34851273/The_Italic_words_for_moon_month_and_sun_New_evidence_from_the_Sabellian_languages
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (1999) “meñe”, in A dictionary of Tocharian B (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN

[1] Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “muaj ~ muej”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 276

[2] Demiraj, B. (1997) “muaj”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[1] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 279

[Martirosyan-3] Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “amis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 47-48

[4] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 311–312

[5] Reinhold Trautmann: Die altpreußischen Sprachdenkmäler; Göttingen 1910. p. XXIII

[6] Derksen, Rick (2008) “313”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 312

[7] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 272

[8] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*mēnan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 365

[9] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*mēnōþ-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 365

[10] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “μήν 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 945

[11] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[12] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “mēnsis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 373

[13] ttps://www.academia.edu/34851273/The_Italic_words_for_moon_month_and_sun_New_evidence_from_the_Sabellian_languages

[14] Adams, Douglas Q. (1999) “meñe”, in A dictionary of Tocharian B (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN

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