Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sehwaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *sekʷ-e-ti, thematic root present of Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”), possibly related to *sagjaz (“companion, friend”, literally “follower”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈse.xʷɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*sehwaną

to see

Inflection

Note: Voiced Verner alternant gw becomes w, but g next to u.

Conjugation of *sehwaną (strong class 5)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*sehwō	*sehwaų	—	*sehwai	?
2nd singular	*sihwizi	*sehwaiz	*sehw	*sehwazai	*sehwaizau
3rd singular	*sihwidi	*sehwai	*sehwadau	*sehwadai	*sehwaidau
1st dual	*sehwōz	*sehwaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*sehwadiz	*sehwaidiz	*sehwadiz	—	—
1st plural	*sehwamaz	*sehwaim	—	*sehwandai	*sehwaindau
2nd plural	*sihwid	*sehwaid	*sihwid	*sehwandai	*sehwaindau
3rd plural	*sehwandi	*sehwain	*sehwandau	*sehwandai	*sehwaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*sahw	*sēwį̄
2nd singular	*saht	*sēwīz
3rd singular	*sahw	*sēwī
1st dual	*sēgū	*sēwīw
2nd dual	*sēgudiz	*sēwīdiz
1st plural	*sēgum	*sēwīm
2nd plural	*sēgud	*sēwīd
3rd plural	*sēgun	*sēwīn

	present	past
participles	*sehwandz	*sewanaz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *sehwan
- Old English: sēon
  - Middle English: seen, sein, sien, seon, son, suen (chiefly early and West), zi (Kent)
    - English: see
    - Scots: se, sie, see
    - Yola: zee, zey, zie, ze, sau
- Old Frisian: siā
  - Saterland Frisian: sjo
  - West Frisian: sjen
- Old Saxon: sehan
  - Middle Low German: sēn
    - Low German: sehn
- Old Dutch: sian
  - Middle Dutch: sien
    - Dutch: zien
      - Afrikaans: sien
      - Javindo: sien, siet
      - Jersey Dutch: zîn, zîne
    - Limburgish: zeen
- Old High German: sehan
  - Middle High German: sëhen; sēn (chiefly East Central); sien (West Central)
    - Bavarian: segn
    - Central Franconian: sehn, senn, siehn, sinn
      Hunsrik: sihn
    - German: sehen
    - Mòcheno: sechen
    - Pennsylvania German: sehne
    - Vilamovian: zaon
    - Yiddish: זען (zen)
Old Norse: sjá (see there for further descendants)
Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍈𐌰𐌽 (saiƕan)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*sehwan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 431-2

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*sehwan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 431-2

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