Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/alaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɑ.lɑ.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂életi, from *h₂el- (“to raise, feed, nourish”).^[1] Cognate with Latin alō (“nourish”, verb)^[1].

Verb

*alaną^[2]^[3]^[4]

to grow
to grow old, to mature
to breed

Inflection

Conjugation of *alaną (strong class 6)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*alō	*alaų	—	*alai	?
2nd singular	*alizi	*alaiz	*al	*alazai	*alaizau
3rd singular	*alidi	*alai	*aladau	*aladai	*alaidau
1st dual	*alōz	*alaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*aladiz	*alaidiz	*aladiz	—	—
1st plural	*alamaz	*alaim	—	*alandai	*alaindau
2nd plural	*alid	*alaid	*alid	*alandai	*alaindau
3rd plural	*alandi	*alain	*alandau	*alandai	*alaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*ōl	*ōlį̄
2nd singular	*ōlt	*ōlīz
3rd singular	*ōl	*ōlī
1st dual	*ōlū	*ōlīw
2nd dual	*ōludiz	*ōlīdiz
1st plural	*ōlum	*ōlīm
2nd plural	*ōlud	*ōlīd
3rd plural	*ōlun	*ōlīn

	present	past
participles	*alandz	*alanaz

Derived terms

*ōliz

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *alan
- Old English: alan
Proto-Norse:
- Old Norse: ala
  - Icelandic: ala
  - Faroese: ala
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: ala
  - Norwegian Bokmål: ale
  - Old Swedish: ala
    - Swedish: uppala
  - Old Danish: alæ
  - Old Gutnish: ala
Gothic: 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽 (alan)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁elh₂- (“to drive, move, go”). Compare Ancient Greek ἐλαύνω (elaúnō, “move”), Latin alacer (“lively, active, brisk”).

Verb

*alaną

to spurn, kick-start, drive, set in motion, move

Inflection

Conjugation of *alaną (strong class 6)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*alō	*alaų	—	*alai	?
2nd singular	*alizi	*alaiz	*al	*alazai	*alaizau
3rd singular	*alidi	*alai	*aladau	*aladai	*alaidau
1st dual	*alōz	*alaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*aladiz	*alaidiz	*aladiz	—	—
1st plural	*alamaz	*alaim	—	*alandai	*alaindau
2nd plural	*alid	*alaid	*alid	*alandai	*alaindau
3rd plural	*alandi	*alain	*alandau	*alandai	*alaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*ōl	*ōlį̄
2nd singular	*ōlt	*ōlīz
3rd singular	*ōl	*ōlī
1st dual	*ōlū	*ōlīw
2nd dual	*ōludiz	*ōlīdiz
1st plural	*ōlum	*ōlīm
2nd plural	*ōlud	*ōlīd
3rd plural	*ōlun	*ōlīn

	present	past
participles	*alandz	*alanaz

Usage notes

This verb is not directly attested in any daughter languages. It is evinced only by possible derivatives and related terms.

Derived terms

*alatjaną

Related terms

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “oud”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎^[1] (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*alan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 19
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*alanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 12
^ Seebold, Elmar (1970) “AL-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 75

[EWN-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “oud”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎^[1] (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press

[2] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*alan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 19

[3] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*alanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 12

[4] Seebold, Elmar (1970) “AL-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 75

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