-ni

-ni

1. Marks a verb's habitual or customary present tense.

-ni

1. Marks a verb's habitual or customary present tense.

-ni

1. third person singular masculine patient marker

• Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN), page 398

• -in (poetic)

From Proto-Finnic *-ni, from Proto-Uralic *-ni. Originally the first-person possessive suffix for words in plural, with -mi used for singular words; the latter is now only found in dialects. Compare Erzya -м (-m).

• IPA^(key): /-ni/, [-ni]

-ni

1. (possessive) First-person singular possessive suffix used with or without minun (the genitive of the personal pronoun minä), corresponds to the English possessive pronoun my

   (minun) kirjani ― my book(s)

   (minun) valaani ― my whale(s) (nominative singular/plural or genitive singular) / my oath (partitive or illative singular)

   1. (possessive) Appended to a genitive-requiring postposition that is after or without minun (the genitive of the personal pronoun minä), me

      (minun) edessäni ― in front of me

      (minun) takanani ― behind me

   2. (possessive) Used in a participle structure replacing an että clause, preceded by a verb expressing, e.g., telling, claiming, asserting, confirming, thinking, wish, desire, seeming, when the clauses have the same subject "I"; appended to the active present participle in genitive singular when the action is concurrent with the main clause

      Sanoin tekeväni läksyjäni. (similar to the Latin structure accusativus cum infinitivo, e.g. se dicit facere)

      I said that I was doing my homework.

   3. (possessive) Used in a participle structure replacing an että clause, preceded by a verb expressing, e.g., telling, claiming, asserting, confirming, thinking, wish, desire, seeming, when the clauses have the same subject "I"; appended to the active past participle in genitive singular when the said/alleged (etc.) action antedates the main clause.

      Väitin tehneeni läksyjäni.

      I claimed to have been doing my homework.

   4. (possessive) Used in a shortened sentence expressing concurrent actions when the clauses have the same subject "I", appended to the inessive of the active second infinitive.

      Tehdessäni läksyjäni (minä) kuulin laukauksen ulkoa.

      (While) doing my homework, I heard a shot from outside.

   5. (possessive) Used in a shortened sentence expressing subsequent actions when the clauses have the same subject "I", appended to the partitive of the passive past participle singular.

      Tehtyäni läksyni (minä) kuulin laukauksen ulkoa.

      (After) having done / After doing my homework, I heard a shot from outside.

   6. (possessive) Used in a final shortened sentence expressing "in order to do" when the clauses have the same subject "I", appended to the long first infinitive.

      Tehdäkseni läksyni hyvin (minä) menin hiljaiseen huoneeseen.

      (In order) to do my homework well, I went into a quiet room.

   7. (possessive) Used in some adverbs, when the clause has the subject "I"

      Olen hyvin pahoillani siitä.

      I am very sorry about it.

   8. (possessive) Always appended to a noun in the comitative case when the clause has the subject "I".

      Kävelin kirjoineni ovesta ulos.

      I walked with my books out the door.

• The possessive suffix -ni is compulsory in standard Finnish. In standard Finnish, when expressing ownership or before a postposition, the genitive form of the corresponding personal pronoun minä before the main word can be omitted. In colloquial Finnish, the suffix -ni is very rare and only the genitive form minun (or its colloquial or dialectal variants) is used before the main word.
• Appended to the (strong) vowel stem. The final -n of the genitive and illative singular and plural or the -t of the nominative plural are omitted, for example: talo (“house”) > taloon (“into a/the house”) > taloosi (“into your house”).
• The shortened sentences — except for the participle structures — pertain mainly to formal/standard Finnish, not to informal/colloquial Finnish. It is also to be noticed that the shortened clauses are never separated from the main clauses with a comma.

• -si
• -nsa
• -mme
• -nne
• Appendix:Finnish possessive suffixes

• -in, in

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

-ni

1. (inflectional suffix) forms the genitive case

• -na (“forms dative”)
• -ko (“forms accusative”)
• -chi (“forms instrumental”)
• -no (“forms locative”)

• IPA^(key): [ni]
• Rhymes: -ni

-ni

1. (infinitive suffix) Forms the infinitive.

   ‎ad (“give”) + ‎-ni → ‎adni (“to give”)

2. Forms the concessive sense: used to devalue the predicate of the sentence when repeated and followed by a clause that contrasts with or contradicts it. See also -nak/-nek.

   Elindulni elindul, de rögtön le is áll. ― It does start, but it turns off right away.

3. (somewhat dated or literary, with the omission of lehet) one can…, it is possible to…

   Innen már látni a falut. ― One can already see the village from here.

• (infinitive suffix) Variants:

  -ni is added to most verbs

  ‎ad (“give”) + ‎-ni → ‎adni (“to give”)

  -ani is added to back-vowel verbs ending in -ít or in two consonants

  ‎tanít (“teach”) + ‎-ani → ‎tanítani (“to teach”)

  ‎akaszt (“hang”) + ‎-ani → ‎akasztani (“to hang”)

  ‎bont (“demolish”) + ‎-ani → ‎bontani (“to demolish”)

  -eni is added to front-vowel verbs ending in -ít or in two consonants

  ‎veszít (“lose”) + ‎-eni → ‎veszíteni (“to lose”)

  ‎ijeszt (“frighten”) + ‎-eni → ‎ijeszteni (“to frighten”)

  ‎csökkent (“reduce”) + ‎-eni → ‎csökkenteni (“to reduce”)

  -nni is added to verbs with variant stems

  ‎vesz (“buy”) + ‎-nni → ‎venni (“to buy”)

  ‎eszik (“eat”) + ‎-nni → ‎enni (“to eat”)

• Category:Hungarian infinitives
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

-ni f

1. Nominalizes a verb or adjective.

   ‎ákveða (“to decide”) + ‎-ni → ‎ákveðni (“decisiveness”)

   ‎samkvæmur (“consistent”) + ‎-ni → ‎samkvæmni (“consistency”)

From Proto-Finnic *-ni, from Proto-Uralic *-ni. Cognates include Finnish -ni.

• IPA^(key): /ni/

-ni

1. Used to mark the possession of the first person; my, our

   jalka (“leg”) → jalkani (“my leg, our legs”)

• P. M. Zaykov (1999) Грамматика Карельского языка (фонетика и морфология), →ISBN, page 47

From Arabic ـنِي (-nī).

• IPA^(key): /nɪ/

-ni m or f

2. 1st-person singular pronominal suffix, attached to verbs: me

   Synonyms: -i, (only in possessive use) tiegħi

   ‎jinsa (“he forgets”) + ‎-ni → ‎jinsieni (“he forgets me”)

• jien

Cognate with Classical Nahuatl -ni.

-ni

1. Forms agent nouns from verbs.

• -nai, -sni

From Proto-Celtic *snīs (“we”) (compare Welsh ni).

-ni

1. 1st person plural emphatic suffix

• Irish: -ne
• Scottish Gaelic: -ne

-ni

1. positive degree weak masculine nominative singular of -inn (adjective suffix)
2. weak masculine nominative singular of -inn (participle suffix)
3. third-person singular/plural present subjunctive of -na (inchoative verb suffix)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-nь.

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /niː/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ni/

-ni

1. forms adjectives

-ni

2. (added to verbs) A person or thing that does an action indicated by the root verb; used to form an agent noun: -er

• Campbell, L. (1985). The Pipil Language of El Salvador. Mouton De Gruyter. p.49

Inherited from Old Polish -ni.

• IPA^(key): /ɲi/
• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]
• Homophone: ni

-ni

1. forms adjectives

   ‎żyto + ‎-ni → ‎żytni

2. forms masculine adjectives relating to place

   ‎wschód + ‎-ni → ‎wschodni

-ni

1. First-person singular subject.

   rimay (“to speak”) → ñuqa rimani (“I speak”)

2. Epenthetic suffix inserted between consonant clusters.

   yachachiq (“teacher”) +‎ -y (“my”) → *yachachiqy → yachachiqniy (“my teacher”)

• -y

Inherited from Sanskrit -इनी (-inī). Cognate with Hindi -नी (-nī).

-ni f

1. A suffix used to make a female form, similar to -ette or -ess in English

   ‎grast (“horse”) + ‎-ni → ‎grasni (“mare”)

   ‎thagar (“king”) + ‎-ni → ‎thagarni (“queen”)

-ni f

1. female equivalent of -no

   ‎siklǒvel (“study”) + ‎-ni → ‎siklǒvni (“female student”)

• Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “-ni”, in ニューエクスプレス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, page 130

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

IPA^(key): /niː/

-nī (Cyrillic spelling -нӣ)

1. added to nouns to form a relational adjective

   Synonyms: -skī, -jī

   ‎kȕća + ‎-ni → ‎kȕćnī

• IPA^(key): [ni]

-ni

1. added to words that are stressed on the final syllable to move stress to the penultimate syllable

   accussì → accussini (“in this way”)

   accuḍḍì → accuḍḍini (“in that other way”)

   appassì → appassini (“in the meanwhile”)

   tu → tuni (“you”)

   cca → ccani (“here”)

   ḍḍà → ḍḍàni (“over there”)

   è → èni (“it is”)

   ḍḍà → ḍḍàni (“over there”)

   pirchì → pirchini (“why/because”)

-ni

1. Second person plural:

   you, (archaic) ye

2. With nouns, indicates location: in/inside, at, on

   nyumbani ― at home, in the house

   mezani ― on the table

   • 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi‎^[1], translation from R. Allen (1946) “Inkishafi—a translation from the Swahili”, in African Studies, volume 5, number 4, →DOI, pages 243–249, stanza 6:

     نِيَضِهِرِشِ يَغُ مَقَالِ ، اَبَيُ مُيُوْنِ نِقُصُدِيِ

     Niyaḍihirishe yangu maqali, ambayo moyoni niquṣudiye.

     Let me set forth the plan which I have in my heart.

• (second-person plural) Used in conjunction with the direct imperative to form the plural. With native (Bantu)/nativized verbs in -a, vowel changes to -e:

  Kisomeni (Read it!) (from soma)

  Jibuni (Answer!) (from jibu)

• (second-person plural) Used in conjunction with the class 1 (personal) object affix -wa- to disambiguate the second-person plural from the third person plural; verbs in -a change this to -e before the affix:

  Niliwasomeeni (I read to you) vs. Niliwasomea (I read to them)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ.

-ni

1. Forms adjectives

-ni

1. non-past marker, applied to verbs of class 5 to indicate non-past tense

Cognate with Cornish -ni.

• IPA^(key): /ni/

-ni m

1. forming abstract nouns, -ness, -ment

   ‎glas (“blue, green”) + ‎-ni → ‎glesni (“blueness, chlorosis”)

   ‎llwyd (“grey”) + ‎-ni → ‎llwydni (“greyness, mould”)

   ‎moel (“bald”) + ‎-ni → ‎moelni (“baldness”)

   ‎rhwd (“rust”) + ‎-ni → ‎rhydni (“rustiness, rubigo”)

-ni causes i-affection of internal vowels.

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-ni”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

• IPA^(key): /ni/ (+ATR)
• IPA^(key): /nɪ/ (-ATR)

-ni

1. family (used in compounds)

• Beria-English English-Beria Dictionary [provisional] ADESK, Iriba, Kobe Department, Chad

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key): /ní/

-ni

1. what

   Udlani? ― What are you eating?

   Yini lokhu? ― What is this?

Unlike other pronouns, -ni always appears attached to another word. However, it does have a copulative form yini.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key): /ni/

-ni

1. Forms the plural of the imperative of verbs.

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “-ni”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-ni”