갉다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Gugeupganibang eonhae (救急簡易方諺解 / 구급간이방언해), 1489, as Middle Korean ᄀᆞᆰ다 (Yale: kolkta). Ablaut form: 긁다 (geukda).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ka̠k̚t͈a̠]
Phonetic hangul: [각따]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	gakda
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	galgda
McCune–Reischauer^?	kakta
Yale Romanization^?	kalkta

Verb

갉다 • (gakda) (infinitive 갉아, sequential 갉으니)

(transitive) to gnaw (at); to nibble (at)
(transitive) to rake together
(transitive, figurative) to extort; to squeeze; to exploit
(transitive, figurative) to find fault (with)

Conjugation

Selected forms of the verb 갉다 (gakda): consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	갉는다 gangneunda	갉아 galga	갉아요 galgayo	갉습니다 gakseumnida
Indicative	Past	갉았다 galgatda	갉았어 galgasseo	갉았어요 galgasseoyo	갉았습니다 galgatseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	갉느냐 gangneunya	갉아 galga	갉아요 galgayo	갉습니까 gakseumnikka
Interrogative	Past	갉았느냐 galganneunya	갉았어 galgasseo	갉았어요 galgasseoyo	갉았습니까 galgatseumnikka
Hortative		갉자 gakja	갉아 galga	갉아요 galgayo	갉으십시다 galgeusipsida
Imperative		갉아라 galgara	갉아 galga	갉아요 galgayo	갉읍시오 galgeupsio
Assertive		갉겠다 galgetda	갉겠어 galgesseo	갉겠어요 galgesseoyo	갉겠습니다 galgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		갉아 galga	갉아서 galgaseo	갉으니 galgeuni	갉으니까 galgeunikka
Contrast		갉지만 gakjiman	갉는데 gangneunde	갉더니 gakdeoni
Conjunction		갉고 galgo
Condition		갉으면 galgeumyeon	갉아야 galgaya
Motive		갉으려고 galgeuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		갉음 galgeum	갉기 galgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		갉았음 galgasseum	갉았기 galgatgi
Determiners	Past	갉은 galgeun
	Present	갉는 gangneun
	Future	갉을 galgeul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	갉으신다 galgeusinda	갉으셔 galgeusyeo	갉으세요, 갉으셔요 galgeuseyo, galgeusyeoyo	갉으십니다 galgeusimnida
Indicative	Past	갉으셨다 galgeusyeotda	갉으셨어 galgeusyeosseo	갉으셨어요 galgeusyeosseoyo	갉으셨습니다 galgeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	갉으시느냐 galgeusineunya	갉으셔 galgeusyeo	갉으세요, 갉으셔요 galgeuseyo, galgeusyeoyo	갉으십니까 galgeusimnikka
Interrogative	Past	갉으셨느냐 galgeusyeonneunya	갉으셨어 galgeusyeosseo	갉으셨어요 galgeusyeosseoyo	갉으셨습니까 galgeusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		갉으시라 galgeusira	갉으셔 galgeusyeo	갉으세요 galgeuseyo	갉으십시오 galgeusipsio
Assertive		갉으시겠다 galgeusigetda	갉으시겠어 galgeusigesseo	갉으시겠어요 galgeusigesseoyo	갉으시겠습니다 galgeusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		갉으셔 galgeusyeo	갉으셔서 galgeusyeoseo	갉으시니 galgeusini	갉으시니까 galgeusinikka
Contrast		갉으시지만 galgeusijiman	갉으시는데 galgeusineunde	갉으시더니 galgeusideoni
Conjunction		갉으시고 galgeusigo
Condition		갉으시면 galgeusimyeon	갉으셔야 galgeusyeoya
Motive		갉으시려고 galgeusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		갉으심 galgeusim	갉으시기 galgeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		갉으셨음 galgeusyeosseum	갉으셨기 galgeusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	갉으신 galgeusin
	Present	갉으시는 galgeusineun
	Future	갉으실 galgeusil

Derived terms

(passive) 갉히다 (galkida)