食物

食物

1. food

There is no exact equivalent for English food in Chinese. The most generic term for food is 食物 (shíwù). Use 食品 (shípǐn) for food products, 菜餚／菜肴 (càiyáo) for dishes of food, 美食 (měishí) when the taste of the food is emphasised and 吃的 (chīde) in colloquial contexts. For food as in cuisine, consider 菜 (cài) or 料理 (liàolǐ).

• 食料 (shíliào)
• 食品 (shípǐn)

From Middle Chinese 食物 (zyik mjut, literally “eat + thing”). Possible alteration from strict goon reading jikimotsu, changing goon jiki for kan'on shoku.

• (Tokyo) しょくもつ [shòkúꜜmòtsù] (Nakadaka – [2])^[1][2][3]
• IPA^(key): [ɕo̞kɯ̟mo̞t͡sɨ]

食(しょく)物(もつ) • (shokumotsu) ^{←しよくもつ (syokumotu)?}

1. food, foodstuff
2. (more broadly) food and drink

• 食品(しょくひん) (shokuhin)
• 食(た)べ物(もの) (tabemono)

• 食物繊維(しょくもつせんい) (shokumotsu sen'i): dietary fiber
• 食物連鎖(しょくもつれんさ) (shokumotsu rensa): a food chain

From Middle Chinese 食物 (zyik mjut, literally “eat + thing”). Possible original reading.

• (Tokyo) じきもつ [jìkíꜜmòtsù] (Nakadaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑikʲimo̞t͡sɨ]

食(じき)物(もつ) • (jikimotsu) 

1. (rare) food, foodstuff

The shokumotsu reading is more common.

From Chinese 食物 (shíwù). Possible reborrowing, or change influenced by later contact with China after borrowing of earlier goon reading jikimotsu.

• (Tokyo) しょくぶつ [shòkúꜜbùtsù] (Nakadaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [ɕo̞kɯ̟bɯ̟t͡sɨ]

食(しょく)物(ぶつ) • (shokubutsu) ^{←しよくぶつ (syokubutu)?}

1. (rare) food, foodstuff

The shokumotsu reading is more common. The shokubutsu reading is generally avoided, due to the potential for confusion with the more-common term 植物 (shokubutsu, “plant, plant life”).

Compound of 食べ (tabe, “stem noun form of verb 食べる (taberu, “to eat”): eating”) +‎ 物 (mono, “thing”).^[4][1]

For disambiguation, this is more commonly written with the okurigana べ in the middle as 食べ物.

• (Tokyo) たべもの [tàbémóꜜnò] (Nakadaka – [3])^[1][2][3]
• (Tokyo) たべもの [tàbéꜜmònò] (Nakadaka – [2])^[1][2][3]
• IPA^(key): [ta̠be̞mo̞no̞]

食(たべ)物(もの) • (tabemono) 

1. 食べ物: food in general; a specific food; one's diet

   See 食べ物 for more detail.

Compound of 食い (kui, “stem noun form of informal verb 食う (kuu, “to eat”): eating”) +‎ 物 (mono, “thing”).^[4][1]

For disambiguation, this is more commonly written with the okurigana い in the middle as 食い物.

• (Tokyo) くいもの [kùímóꜜnò] (Nakadaka – [3])^[1][3][2]
• (Tokyo) くいもの [kùímónóꜜ] (Odaka – [4])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [kɯ̟imo̞no̞]

食(くい)物(もの) • (kuimono) ^{←くひもの (kufimono)?}

1. 食い物: food; a sexual partner; a patsy, someone tricked into being used for someone else's gain

   See 食い物 for more detail.

食(くい)物(もの)する • (kuimono suru) ^{←くひもの (kufimono)?}suru (stem 食(くい)物(もの)し (kuimono shi), past 食(くい)物(もの)した (kuimono shita))

1. 食い物: to cook, to prepare food

   See 食い物 for more detail.

Compound of 食らい (kurai, “stem noun form of informal verb 食らう (kurau, “to eat, to drink”): eating, drinking”) +‎ 物 (mono, “thing”).^[4][1]

For disambiguation, this is more commonly written with the okurigana らい in the middle as 食らい物.

• IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ɾa̠imo̞no̞]

食(くらい)物(もの) • (kuraimono) ^{←くらひもの (kurafimono)?}

1. (rare, possibly obsolete) 食らい物: food and beverage

Compound of 食み (hami, “stem noun form of verb 食む (hamu, “to chew; to eat; to suck down; to incur a loss”): eating”) +‎ 物 (mono, “thing”).^[4][1]

For disambiguation, this is written with the okurigana み in the middle as 食み物.

• IPA^(key): [ha̠mʲimo̞no̞]

食(はみ)物(もの) • (hamimono) 

1. (rare, possibly obsolete) 食み物: food; more specifically, fodder or feed for animals

• (fodder, animal food): 餌(えさ) (esa)

Compound of 食し (oshi, “stem noun form of honorific verb 食す (osu, “to eat, to drink”, honorific): eating, drinking”) +‎ 物 (mono, “thing”).^[4]

For disambiguation, this is written with the okurigana し in the middle as 食し物.

• IPA^(key): [o̞ɕimo̞no̞]

食(おし)物(もの) • (oshimono) ^{←をしもの (wosimono)?}

1. (rare, possibly obsolete, formal honorific) 食し物: (rare) food and beverage