See also: 谦
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Translingual
editHan character
edit謙 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+10, 17 strokes, cangjie input 卜口廿難金 (YRTXC), four-corner 08637, composition ⿰訁兼)
Derived characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1175, character 20
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35821
- Dae Jaweon: page 1639, character 36
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4009, character 2
- Unihan data for U+8B19
Chinese
edittrad. | 謙 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 谦 | |
2nd round simp. | 𰵋 |
Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character 謙 | |
---|---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
譧 | *r'eːms |
賺 | *r'eːms |
尲 | *kreːm |
鹻 | *kreːmʔ |
歉 | *kʰreːms, *kʰreːmʔ, *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːms |
槏 | *kʰreːmʔ |
鰜 | *ɡreːm, *keːm |
稴 | *ɡreːm, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ, *ɡ·reːms, *ɡeːm |
豏 | *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡreːms |
甉 | *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡraːm |
廉 | *ɡ·rem |
鎌 | *ɡ·rem |
鬑 | *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm |
鐮 | *ɡ·rem |
簾 | *ɡ·rem |
薕 | *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm |
蠊 | *ɡ·rem |
嬚 | *ɡ·remʔ |
溓 | *ɡ·remʔ, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ |
嵰 | *kʰremʔ |
隒 | *ŋɡremʔ |
熑 | *ɡ·reːm |
濂 | *ɡ·reːm |
燫 | *ɡ·reːm |
兼 | *keːm, *keːms |
縑 | *keːm |
鶼 | *keːm |
蒹 | *keːm |
搛 | *keːm |
謙 | *kʰeːm |
膁 | *kʰeːmʔ |
嗛 | *kʰeːmʔ |
慊 | *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːb |
傔 | *kʰeːms |
馦 | *qʰeːm |
嫌 | *ɡeːm |
鼸 | *ɡeːmʔ |
尷 | *kreːm |
Etymology
editCognate with 歉 (OC *kʰreːms, *kʰreːmʔ, *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːms, “deficient”), 廉 (OC *ɡ·rem, “upright; having integrity; uncorrupt”) (Schuessler, 2007), Tibetan ཁྲམ་པ (khram pa, “modest”) (Geilich, 1995).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qian1
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): qien1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): qie1
- Northern Min (KCR): gíng / kíng
- Eastern Min (BUC): kiĕng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1chi
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): qienn1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cian
- Wade–Giles: chʻien1
- Yale: chyān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chian
- Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: qian1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kian
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiɛn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: him1
- Yale: hīm
- Cantonese Pinyin: him1
- Guangdong Romanization: him1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hiːm⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: him1
- Sinological IPA (key): /him³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: qien1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiɛn⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiâm
- Hakka Romanization System: kiamˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: kiam1
- Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯am²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: qie1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰie¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gíng / kíng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiŋ⁵⁴/, /kʰiŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: kiĕng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰieŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: qienn1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ẽ³³/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: khem
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*k-r̥ˤem/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰeːm/
Definitions
edit謙
Compounds
edit- 一謙四益/一谦四益
- 你謙我讓/你谦我让
- 和謙/和谦 (Héqiān)
- 太謙/太谦
- 平易謙沖/平易谦冲
- 恭謹謙和/恭谨谦和
- 撝謙/㧑谦
- 滿招損,謙受益/满招损,谦受益 (mǎn zhāosǔn, qiān shòuyì)
- 益謙虧盈/益谦亏盈
- 者者謙謙/者者谦谦
- 自謙/自谦 (zìqiān)
- 謙以下士/谦以下士
- 謙光/谦光
- 謙克/谦克
- 謙卑/谦卑 (qiānbēi)
- 謙卑感/谦卑感
- 謙卑自牧/谦卑自牧
- 謙厚/谦厚
- 謙受益/谦受益
- 謙和/谦和 (qiānhé)
- 謙善/谦善
- 謙恭/谦恭 (qiāngōng)
- 謙恭下士/谦恭下士
- 謙恭厚道/谦恭厚道
- 謙抑/谦抑 (qiānyì)
- 謙挹/谦挹
- 謙沖/谦冲 (qiānchōng)
- 謙沖自牧/谦冲自牧 (qiānchōngzìmù)
- 謙洽/谦洽
- 謙稱/谦称 (qiānchēng)
- 謙虛/谦虚 (qiānxū)
- 謙虛自牧/谦虚自牧
- 謙詞/谦词 (qiāncí)
- 謙誠/谦诚 (qiānchéng)
- 謙語/谦语
- 謙謝/谦谢
- 謙謙/谦谦
- 謙謙下士/谦谦下士
- 謙謙君子/谦谦君子 (qiānqiānjūnzǐ)
- 謙謹/谦谨
- 謙讓/谦让 (qiānràng)
- 謙辭/谦辞 (qiāncí)
- 謙退/谦退
- 謙遜/谦逊 (qiānxùn)
- 謙遜下士/谦逊下士
- 進履之謙/进履之谦
- 過謙/过谦 (guòqiān)
Japanese
editShinjitai | 謙 | |
Kyūjitai [1] |
謙󠄁 謙+ 󠄁 ?(Adobe-Japan1) |
|
謙󠄃 謙+ 󠄃 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji
edit謙
Readings
edit- Go-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)←けむ (kemu, historical)
- Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)←けむ (kemu, historical)
- Kun: へりくだる (herikudaru, 謙る)
References
edit- ^ “謙”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
Korean
editHanja
editVietnamese
editHan character
edit謙: Hán Việt readings: khiêm[1][2]
謙: Nôm readings: khem[1][3], khiêm[1][2], khom[4], khòm[4], khọm[3]
- Chữ Hán form of khiêm (“humble, self-effacing”).
- Nôm form of khem (“to put on a diet”). See kiêng khem.
- Nôm form of khom (“to make a bow, to bend (one's body), to walk with a stoop”). See lom khom.
- Nôm form of khòm (“to make a bow, to bend (one's body), to walk with a stoop”).
- Nôm form of khọm (“very old”). See già khọm.
Compounds
editCompounds
- 謙恭 (khiêm cung)
- 謙讓 (khiêm nhường)
- 謙遜 (khiêm tốn)
References
editCategories:
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading けむ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading へりくだ・る
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