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See also:
U+88B4, 袴
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-88B4

[U+88B3]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+88B5]

Translingual

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Traditional
Shinjitai
(extended)
Simplified

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 145, +6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 中大一尸 (LKMS), composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1115, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34236
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1581, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3088, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+88B4

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *kʰʷaːs) : semantic (cloth) + phonetic (OC *kʰʷraː) – a type of clothing.

Etymology 1

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For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“pants; trousers”).
(This character is a variant form of ).

Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“hip; groin”).
(This character is an ancient variant form of ).

Japanese

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Kanji

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(Jinmeiyō kanjishinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form )

  1. traditional Japanese loose trousers

Readings

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  • Go-on: (ku)
  • Kan-on: (ko)
  • Kun: はかま (hakama, )ずぼん (zubon, )

Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
 
(hakama, traditional Japanese trousers)
Kanji in this term
はかま
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Attested in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

Appears to be a compound deriving ultimately from 穿か (haka, the 未然形 (mizenkei, incomplete form) or a sound shift from some other conjugation of verb 穿く (haku, to pull onto the lower body (such as trousers))) +‎ (ma, robes, sound shift from expected reading mo).[1]

The loincloth sense is attested earlier in the Nihon Shoki, finished in 720 CE.[2] Other sources[1] also cite the Nihon Shoki for the trousers sense, possibly suggesting confusion regarding the meaning of the term as used in that text.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(はかま) (hakama

  1. hakama: a type of traditional Japanese trousers
    • 720, Nihon Shoki (poem 74)
      飫瀰能古簸(おみのこは)多倍能(たへの)波伽摩(はかま)()那那陛鳴絁(ななへをし)爾播爾陀陀始諦(にはにたたして)阿遥比那陀須暮(あよひなだすも) [Man'yōgana]
      (おみ)()(たへ)(はかま)(なな)()をし(には)()たして足結(あよひ)(なだ) [Modern spelling]
      omi no ko wa tae no hakama o nanae oshi niwa ni tatashite ayoi nadasu mo
      (please add an English translation of this example)
  2. (botany) a leaf sheath
  3. a holder for a heated bottle of saké
  4. (rare, possibly obsolete) a kind of traditional Japanese loincloth
    • 720, Nihon Shoki (page 562)
      逼而脱(***)() [...] [Man'yōgana]
      ()めて(はかま)()かしめて [...] [Modern spelling]
      semete hakama o nikashimete...
      (please add an English translation of this example)
    Synonym: (fundoshi)
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term

Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC khuH).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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() (ko

  1. (rare) hakama: a type of traditional Japanese trousers
  2. (rare) momohiki: traditional Japanese closefitting workman's trousers
    Synonym: 股引き (momohiki)
  3. (historical, military): prior to World War II, the general term for trousers in the Imperial Japanese Army
    Synonym: ズボン (zubon)

Derived terms

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References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese (MC khuH). Recorded as Middle Korean 고〮 (kwó) (Yale: kwo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 바지 (baji go))

  1. hanja form? of (trousers; pants)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Related to Middle Chinese (MC khwaeH). Recorded as Middle Korean 과〯 (kwǎ) (Yale: kwa) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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(eumhun 사타구니 (sataguni gwa))

  1. hanja form? of (crotch; groin)

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]