苦澀

See also: 苦涩 and 苦渋

Chinese

		bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful	grating (of surfaces); tart; acerbic
trad. (苦澀)		苦	澀
simp. (苦涩)		苦	涩

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kǔsè

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨˇ ㄙㄜˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fu² gip³ / fu² sap¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khó͘-siap

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kǔsè
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨˇ ㄙㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kǔsè
  - Wade–Giles: kʻu³-sê⁴
  - Yale: kǔ-sè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuuseh
  - Palladius: кусэ (kusɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɤ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fu² gip³ / fu² sap¹
  - Yale: fú gip / fú sāp
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fu² gip⁸ / fu² sap⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: fu² gib³ / fu² seb¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː³⁵ kiːp̚³/, /fuː³⁵ sɐp̚⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-siap
  - Tâi-lô: khóo-siap
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qofsiab
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siap̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siap̚⁵/

Adjective

苦澀

bitter and astringent; harsh to the taste
pained; agonised; anguished

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