竅

See also: 窍

竅	U+7AC5, 竅 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AC5

← 竄
[U+7AC4]

CJK Unified Ideographs

竆 →
[U+7AC6]

Translingual

Han character

竅 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+13, 18 strokes, cangjie input 十金竹尸大 (JCHSK), four-corner 3024₈, composition ⿱穴敫)

Derived characters

𨇶

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 869, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25680
Dae Jaweon: page 1298, character 16
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2744, character 9
Unihan data for U+7AC5

Chinese

trad.		竅
simp.		窍

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (敫) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
礉	kʰreːw, kʰreːwɢs
邀	qlew, kleːw
憿	*kleːw
徼	kleːw, kleːwɢs
儌	kleːwʔ, kleːwʔ
璬	*kleːwʔ
皦	*kleːwʔ
繳	kleːwʔ, kljewɢ, *ɡreːɡ
敫	kleːwɢs, ɢlewɢ, *kleːwɢ
譥	*kleːwɢs
激	kleːwɢs, kleːwɢ
噭	*kleːwɢs
獥	kleːwɢs, kleːwɢ, *ɡleːwɢ
鸄	kleːwɢs, kleːwɢ, *ɡleːwɢ
墽	*kʰleːw
竅	*kʰleːwɢs
覈	ɡleːd, ɡreːɡ
燩	kʰreːwɢ, kʰleːwɢ
檄	*ɡleːwɢ
薂	*ɡleːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰleːwɢs) : semantic 穴 (“cave”) + phonetic 敫 (OC *kleːwɢs, *ɢlewɢ, *kleːwɢ).

Etymology

Possibly Sino-Tibetan. Compare Burmese ချောက် (hkyauk, “chasm, gulf”); alternative or additionally, 竅 (OC *kʰleːwɢs) is k-prefixed nominal derivation of 窕 (OC *l'eːwʔ) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiào (qiao⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄠˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hiu³ / kiu³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khieu
Jin (Wiktionary): qiau³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khiàu

(Teochew, Peng'im): kiao³ / kiou³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiào
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciào
  - Wade–Giles: chʻiao⁴
  - Yale: chyàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiaw
  - Palladius: цяо (cjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: hiu³ / kiu³
  - Yale: hiu / kiu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hiu³ / kiu³
  - Guangdong Romanization: hiu³ / kiu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiːu̯³³/, /kʰiːu̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khieu
  - Hakka Romanization System: kieu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kieu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯eu̯⁵⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: qiau³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰiau⁴⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiàu
  - Tâi-lô: khiàu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiaux
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiau²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiau⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiau²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰiau¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiau²¹/

Note: khiàu - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kiao³ / kiou³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiàu / khiòu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiau²¹³/, /kʰiou²¹³/

Note:

kiao3 - Shantou;
kiou3 - Chaozhou.

Middle Chinese: khewH

Rime
Character	竅
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	蕭 (93)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	苦弔切
Baxter	khewH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰeu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰeu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰeu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɛw^H/
Li Rong	/kʰeu^H/
Wang Li	/kʰieu^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰieu^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hiu³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʰˤewk-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰleːwɢs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	竅
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiào
Middle Chinese	‹ khew^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʰˁewk-s/
English	hole, opening
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	竅
Reading #	1/1
No.	6399
Phonetic component	敫
Rime group	豹
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	竅
Old Chinese	/*kʰleːwɢs/

Definitions

竅

hole, aperture
idea; knack; key (to a problem)

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khiò

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiò
  - Tâi-lô: khiò
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qioix
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰio²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰio⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰio²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰio¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɤ²¹/

Note: khiò - vernacular.

Definitions

竅

(Hokkien) magic; sorcery
做竅害儂／做窍害侬 ― chòe/chò-khiò hāi-lâng ― to harm people with sorcery

信竅／信窍 ― sìn khiò ― to believe in magic

References

“竅”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

竅

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): きょう (kyō)
Kun: あな (ana)

Korean

Hanja

竅 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.