牲

牲	U+7272, 牲 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7272

Translingual

Han character

牲 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹手竹手一 (HQHQM), four-corner 2551₀, composition ⿰牜生)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 700, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19986
Dae Jaweon: page 1112, character 17
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1807, character 7
Unihan data for U+7272

Chinese

simp. and trad.		牲

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (生) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
猜	*sʰlɯː
輤	*sʰleːns
綪	sʰleːns, ʔsreːŋ
倩	sʰleːns, sʰleŋs
棈	*sʰleːns
蒨	*sʰeːns
篟	*sʰeːns
生	sʰleːŋ, sreŋs
牲	*sreŋ
笙	*sreŋ
甥	*sreŋ
鉎	sreŋ, sleːŋ
珄	*sreŋ
鼪	sreŋ, sreŋs
猩	sreŋ, seːŋ
狌	*sreŋ
眚	*sreŋʔ
貹	*sreŋs
崝	*zreːŋ
精	ʔsleŋ, ʔsleŋs
菁	*ʔsleŋ
鶄	ʔsleŋ, sʰleːŋ
蜻	ʔsleŋ, sʰleːŋ
鼱	*ʔsleŋ
婧	ʔsleŋ, zleŋs, *zleŋʔ
睛	ʔsleŋ, sʰleŋʔ
箐	*ʔsleŋ
聙	*ʔsleŋ
旌	*ʔsleŋ
清	*sʰleŋ
圊	*sʰleŋ
請	sʰleŋʔ, zleŋs, *zleŋ
凊	*sʰleŋs
䝼	zleŋs, zleŋ
靚	*zleŋs
情	*zleŋ
晴	*zleŋ
夝	*zleŋ
靜	*zleŋʔ
靖	*zleŋʔ
睲	seŋʔ, seːŋs
惺	seŋʔ, seːŋ
性	*sleŋs
姓	*sleŋs
靗	*l̥ʰeŋs
鯖	ʔljeŋ, sʰleːŋ
青	*sʰleːŋ
靘	sʰleːŋ, sʰleːŋs
掅	*sʰleːŋs
胜	*sleːŋ
曐	*sleːŋ
星	*sleːŋ
鮏	*sleːŋ
腥	seːŋ, seːŋs
鯹	*seːŋ
醒	seːŋ, seːŋʔ, *seːŋs
篂	*seːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sreŋ) : semantic 牛 (“cow”) + phonetic 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs).

Etymology

From 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “alive”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shēng (sheng¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): saang¹ / sang¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sên / sâng

(Meixian, Guangdong): sên¹ / sang¹
Jin (Wiktionary): seng¹
Northern Min (KCR): sàing / sàng
Eastern Min (BUC): săng / sĕng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sng / seng / siⁿ / seⁿ / cheng

(Teochew, Peng'im): sêng¹ / sên¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹san; ¹sen
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sen¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sheng
  - Wade–Giles: shêng¹
  - Yale: shēng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheng
  - Palladius: шэн (šɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: saang¹ / sang¹
  - Yale: sāang / sāng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: saang¹ / sang¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: sang¹ / seng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːŋ⁵⁵/, /sɐŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sên / sâng
  - Hakka Romanization System: sen^ˊ / sang^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sen¹ / sang¹
  - Sinological IPA: /sen²⁴/, /saŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: sên¹ / sang¹
  - Sinological IPA: /sɛn⁴⁴/, /saŋ⁴⁴/

Note:

Meixian:
- sên1 - literary;
- sang1 - vernacular.

Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: seng¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /səŋ¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sàing / sàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saiŋ⁴²/, /saŋ⁴²/

Note:

sàing - literary;
sàng - vernacular.

Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: săng / sĕng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saŋ⁵⁵/, /sɛiŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

săng - vernacular;
sĕng - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng
  - Tâi-lô: sng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sngf
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng
  - Tâi-lô: sing
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sefng
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: sinn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: svy
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /sĩ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: senn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: svef
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sɛ̃⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sẽ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng
  - Tâi-lô: tsing
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zefng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

Note:

sng/seng - literary;
siⁿ/seⁿ/cheng - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: sêng¹ / sên¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: seng / seⁿ
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /seŋ³³/, /sẽ³³/

Note:

sêng1 - literary;
sên1 - vernacular.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹san; ¹sen
  - MiniDict: san^平; sen^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹san; ¹sen
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sã⁵³/, /sən⁵³/

Note:

1san - colloquial;
1sen - literary.

Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: sen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sən³³/

Middle Chinese: sraeng

Rime
Character	牲
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	所庚切
Baxter	sraeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂaɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/ʃɐŋ/
Wang Li	/ʃɐŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʂɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sang¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*sreŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	牲
Reading #	1/1
No.	11313
Phonetic component	生
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	生
Old Chinese	/*sreŋ/

Definitions

牲

(historical) sacrificial animal (especially a cow, sheep, or pig)
domestic animal; livestock

Compounds

三牲 (sānshēng)
三牲五鼎
五牲
五牲看碗
宰牲節／宰牲节 (Zǎishēngjié)
打牲
牲口 (shēngkǒu)
牲殺／牲杀
牲畜 (shēngchù)
牲禮／牲礼 (shēnglǐ)
牲粉
牲醴
犧牲／牺牲 (xīshēng)
犧牲品／牺牲品 (xīshēngpǐn)
犧牲打／牺牲打
犧牲玉帛／牺牲玉帛
犧牲酒醴／牺牲酒醴
畜牲
精牲 (cheng-seⁿ) (Min Nan)

Japanese

Kanji

牲

(Jōyō kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: しょう (shō)
Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
Kun: にえ (nie, 牲)^{←にへ (nife, 牲, historical)}

Korean

Hanja

牲 • (saeng) (hangeul 생, revised saeng, McCune–Reischauer saeng, Yale sayng)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

牲: Hán Việt readings: sinh^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]
牲: Nôm readings: sinh^[1]^[2], sanh^[2], xinh^[1], chũa^[6]

chữ Hán form of sinh (“domestic or sacrificial animal”).

References

[tdcndg-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Nguyễn (2014).

[gdhn-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Trần (2004).

[tvctdhv-3] Trần (1999).

[hvttd-4] Nguyễn (1974).

[tchvtd-5] Thiều Chửu (1942).

[btcn-6] Hồ (1976).

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