照

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 677, character 36
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19226
Dae Jaweon: page 1089, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2221, character 1
Unihan data for U+7167

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 照
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (刀) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
刀	*taːw
忉	*taːw
魛	*taːw
舠	*taːw
朷	taːw, moːɡ
叨	tuːw, l̥ʰaːw
倒	taːwʔ, taːws
到	*taːws
菿	taːws, rtaːwɢ
鞀	*deːw
鳭	rteːw, teːw
灱	*hreːw
菬	sdew, tjewʔ
超	*tʰew
怊	tʰew, tʰjew
欩	*tʰew
召	dews, djews
昭	*tjew
招	*tjew
鉊	*tjew
沼	*tjewʔ
照	*tjews
詔	*tjews
炤	*tjews
弨	tʰjew, tʰjewʔ
眧	*tʰjewʔ
韶	*djew
佋	djew, djewʔ
軺	djew, lew
玿	*djew
柖	*djew
紹	*djewʔ
袑	*djewʔ
綤	*djewʔ
邵	*djews
劭	*djews
卲	*djews
刁	*teːw
芀	teːw, deːw
貂	*teːw
蛁	*teːw
迢	*deːw
苕	*deːw
髫	*deːw
岧	*deːw

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjews) : semantic 灬 (“fire”) + phonetic 昭 (OC *tjew) – shine the light of a fire on.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		照
2nd round simp.		⿱𭕄一
alternative forms		燳曌 in Wu Zetian's name 瞾 alternative form of Wu Zetian's name 炤

Exoactive of 昭 (OC *tjew, “bright”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhào (zhao⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄠˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zao⁴

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җо (žo, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ziu³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ziau¹
Gan (Wiktionary): zeu⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): cheu

(Meixian, Guangdong): zau⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): zau³
Northern Min (KCR): ciāu
Eastern Min (BUC): ciéu
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chiàu / chiò

(Teochew, Peng'im): zio³ / ziê³ / ziao³ / ziou³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tsau

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhào
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhào
  - Wade–Giles: chao⁴
  - Yale: jàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaw
  - Palladius: чжао (čžao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: zao⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zao
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sau²¹³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җо (žo, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɔ⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ziu³
  - Yale: jiu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dziu³
  - Guangdong Romanization: jiu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːu̯³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ziau¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siau³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: zeu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛu³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: cheu
  - Hakka Romanization System: zeu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zeu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡seu̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: zau⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sau⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: zau³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sau⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ciāu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siau⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ciéu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siɛu²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiàu
  - Tâi-lô: tsiàu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciaux
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡siau⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡siau²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡siau¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiò
  - Tâi-lô: tsiò
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cioix
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sio⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sio²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sio¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɤ²¹/

Note:

chiàu - literary;
chiò - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: zio³ / ziê³ / ziao³ / ziou³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiò / tsiè / tsiàu / tsiòu
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sio²¹³/, /t͡sie²¹³/, /t͡siau²¹³/, /t͡siou²¹³/

Note:

zio3/ziê3 - vernacular (ziê3 - Chaozhou);
ziao3/ziou3 - literary (ziou3 - Chaozhou).

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tsau
  - MiniDict: tsau^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tsau
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sɔ³⁴/

Middle Chinese: tsyewH

Rime
Character	照
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	宵 (91)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	之少切
Baxter	tsyewH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjæu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciaw^H/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɛu^H/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭɛu^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ɛu^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ziu³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*taw-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*tjews/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	照
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhào
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyew^H ›
Old Chinese	/*taw-s/
English	shine on
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	照
Reading #	1/1
No.	2132
Phonetic component	刀
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	沼
Old Chinese	/*tjews/

Definitions

照

to shine upon; to illuminate
- 雪白明月照在大地 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
  From: 伍佰, 挪威的森林
  Xuěbái míngyuè zhào zài dàdì [Pinyin]
  The bright moon white as snow illuminates the earth
to reflect; to look (in the mirror)
to contrast; to compare
to notify; to inform
to take care of
- 你唔使驚，有大人喺度照住。 [Cantonese, trad.]
  你唔使惊，有大人喺度照住。 [Cantonese, simp.]
  From: 1994, Stephen Chow, in Hail the Judge
  nei⁵ m⁴ sai² geng¹, jau⁵ daai⁶ jan⁴ hai² dou⁶ ziu³ zyu⁶. [Jyutping]
  You do not need to be afraid. I am here providing protection [to you].
to take a photo
sunshine; sunlight
photo; photograph; picture
結婚照／结婚照 ― jiéhūnzhào ― wedding photo
license; permit
according to; as; in accordance with
regardless; anyway; continue to
唔應該食嘅都照食落去 [Cantonese, trad.]
唔应该食嘅都照食落去 [Cantonese, simp.]
m⁴ jing¹ goi¹ sik⁶ ge³ dou¹ ziu³ sik⁶ lok⁶ heoi³ [Jyutping]
to eat something one shouldn't eat anyway
towards; to

Synonyms

(to shine upon): 反射 (fǎnshè), 映 (yìng)

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (照):

→ Vietnamese: chiếu (照)

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		照
alternative forms		耀炤／照

Pronunciation

Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhiō / chhiōⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): cio⁷ / ciê⁷ / cion⁷ / ciên⁷

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiō
  - Tâi-lô: tshiō
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chioi
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰio³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰio⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰio²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɤ³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiōⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tshiōnn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chvioi
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cio⁷ / ciê⁷ / cion⁷ / ciên⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiō / tshiē / tshiōⁿ / tshiēⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰio¹¹/, /t͡sʰie¹¹/, /t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/, /t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/

Note: ciê7, ciên7 - Chaozhou.

Definitions

照

(Southern Min) to illuminate; to cast light upon; to light up

Compounds

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): ziên³ / zion³ / zio³

Southern Min
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ziên³ / zion³ / zio³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsièⁿ / tsiòⁿ / tsiò
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sĩẽ²¹³/, /t͡sĩõ²¹³/, /t͡sio²¹³/

Note:

ziên3 - Chaozhou, Chenghai;
zion3 - Shantou, Jieyang;
zio3 - Jieyang.

Definitions

照

(Teochew) this; so; such (modifies adjectives)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 這麼 (“this; so; such (modifies adj.)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		如此
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		如此
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	這麼
	Taiwan	這麼
	Harbin	這麼
	Malaysia	這樣
	Singapore	這樣, 這麼
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	這麼
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	這麼
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	陣
	Wanrong	這麼
	Xi'an	這們, 陣
	Xining	這們
	Xuzhou	恁麼
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	這麼
	Lanzhou	這們
	Ürümqi	這麼
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	這們, 這麼, 嘞們
	Wuhan	這麼, 這樣, 這個樣子
	Guiyang	仲個
	Guilin	這樣
	Liuzhou	陣, 哏
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	這麼, 這樣子
	Yangzhou	這們
	Nantong	格麼
Cantonese	Guangzhou	咁
	Hong Kong	咁
	Foshan	咁
	Taishan	該
	Dongguan	呢咁, 咁
	Yunfu	咁
	Yangjiang	果樣, 拱
	Xinyi	咁
	Nanning	咁
	Wuzhou	咁
	Yulin	咁
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	果
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	咁
	Penang (Guangfu)	咁
	Singapore (Guangfu)	咁
Gan	Nanchang	箇
	Lichuan	該樣
	Pingxiang	箇, 箇史
Hakka	Meixian	恁
	Xingning	恁, 咁
	Huidong (Daling)	恁, 咁
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	咁
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	咁
	Changting	仰
	Wuping	恁
	Wuping (Pingyu)	恁
	Liancheng	樣
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	恁
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	恁
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	恁
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	恁
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	恁
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	恁
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	咁
	Senai (Huiyang)	恁
	Kuching (Hepo)	恁
Huizhou	Jixi	爾的
Jin	Taiyuan	這來
Jin	Xinzhou	這啦, 這麼, 這來
Northern Min	Jian'ou	𱕇
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	只滿, 只
	Fuqing	者滿
	Singapore (Fuqing)	者滿
Southern Min	Xiamen	遮, 遮爾, 遮爾仔
	Quanzhou	拙, 拙幹
	Jinjiang	拙, 拙爾, 障, 障爾
	Zhangzhou	遮爾, 遮爾仔
	Tainan	遮, 遮爾, 遮爾仔
	Singapore (Hokkien)	按呢
	Manila (Hokkien)	奐, 現, 喝, 遐, 遮, 拙
	Chaozhou	照, 照生
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	照
	Singapore (Teochew)	只生
	Leizhou	偌
	Haikou	只, 者
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	更
Wu	Shanghai	搿能, 搿能介, 搿個能, 介, 實能 dated, 實個能 dated
	Shanghai (Xinzhuang, Minhang)	迭能
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	若介, 實介, 能, 能介
	Shanghai (Chuansha, Pudong)	迭個能
	Shanghai (Fengxian)	迭能
	Shanghai (Jinshan)	格末, 格能介, 着介
	Shanghai (Qingpu)	介
	Shanghai (Jiading)	實恁
	Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan)	實倫
	Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan)	特能, 迭能, 實能
	Shanghai (Chongming)	能
	Suzhou	該實梗, 該尚, 哀實梗, 哀尚, 實梗, 尚
	Danyang	根
	Hangzhou	價套, 價, 實價套, 實價
	Ningbo	介
	Wenzhou	該恁, 恁
	Jinhua	帳, 格生, 格亨, 喪
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	絞麼
Xiang	Changsha	咯樣
Xiang	Quanzhou	這麼

References

“Entry #9746”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

Japanese

Kanji

照

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)^{←せう (seu, historical)}
Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)^{←せう (seu, historical)}
Kun: てる (teru, 照る, Jōyō)、てり (teri, 照り)、てらす (terasu, 照らす, Jōyō)、てれる (tereru, 照れる, Jōyō)、てれ (tere, 照れ)
Nanori: あき (aki)、あきら (akira)、あり (ari)、てり (teri)、とし (toshi)、のぶ (nobu)、みつ (mitsu)

Compounds

天(あま)照(てらす) (Amaterasu)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
照
しょう Grade: 4
on'yomi

/seu/ → /ɕeu/ → /ɕʲoː/

From Middle Chinese 照 (MC tsyewH).

Affix

照(しょう) • (shō) ^{←せう (seu)^?}

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
照
て(らし) Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Nominalization of 照らし (terashi), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 照らす (terasu, “to shine on something, to illuminate something”).

Proper noun

照(てらし) • (Terashi)

a male given name

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 照 (MC tsyewH).

Historical readings

Recorded as Middle Korean 죠ᇢ〮 (Yale: cyów) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Recorded as Middle Korean 죠〯 (cyǒ) (Yale: cyǒ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞(ː)]
Phonetic hangul: [조(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

照

Wikisource

照 (eumhun 비칠 조 (bichil jo))

hanja form^? of 조 (“to illuminate; to shine”)
hanja form^? of 조 (“to contrast; to compare”)

Compounds

조회 (照會, johoe)
조명 (照明, jomyeong)
참조 (參照, chamjo)
대조 (對照, daejo)
관조 (觀照, gwanjo)
탐조 (探照, tamjo)
일조 (日照, iljo)
조영 (照影, joyeong)
자조 (自照, jajo)
조사 (照射, josa)
사조 (寫照, sajo)
만조 (晩照, manjo)
상조 (相照, sangjo)
조광 (照光, jogwang)
조찰 (照察, jochal)
잔조 (殘照, janjo)
사조 (査照, sajo)
영조 (映照, yeongjo)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

照: Hán Nôm readings: chiếu

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

照

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

Related characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

Compounds

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

References

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Affix

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Proper noun

Korean

Etymology

Pronunciation

Hanja

Compounds

References

Vietnamese

Han character