曝

曝	U+66DD, 曝 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66DD

Translingual

Han character

曝 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+15, 19 strokes, cangjie input 日日廿水 (AATE), four-corner 6603₂, composition ⿰日暴)

Related characters

爆

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 501, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14239
Dae Jaweon: page 871, character 28
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1540, character 13
Unihan data for U+66DD

Chinese

simp. and trad.		曝
2nd round simp.		𣅃

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (暴) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
暴	boːwɢs, boːɡ
曝	boːwɢs, boːɡ
瀑	boːwɢs, boːɡ
虣	*boːwɢs
爆	proːwɢs, poːwɢ, *proːwɢ
襮	poːwɢ, poːwɢ
嚗	*proːwɢ
謈	pʰroːwɢ, broːwɢ
犦	broːwɢ, poːwɢ
懪	*broːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *boːwɢs, *boːɡ) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 暴 (OC *boːwɢs, *boːɡ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): pù, bào (pu⁴, bao⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄨˋ, ㄅㄠˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pu² / bao⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): buk⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): buuk⁵ / bau⁵
Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): pug⁶
Jin (Wiktionary): bau⁵
Northern Min (KCR): pū
Eastern Min (BUC): puŏh
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pha̍k / pho̍k / po̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): pag⁸ / bao⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸boq; ⁶bau
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): pu⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pù
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pù
  - Wade–Giles: pʻu⁴
  - Yale: pù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: puh
  - Palladius: пу (pu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bào
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bào
  - Wade–Giles: pao⁴
  - Yale: bàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baw
  - Palladius: бао (bao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯⁵¹/

Note: bào - standard in Mainland in 曝光 (bàoguāng).

- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: pu² / bao⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pu / bao
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu²¹/, /pau²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: buk⁶
  - Yale: buhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: buk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: bug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʊk̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: buuk⁵ / bau⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɵk̚³²/, /pau³²/

Note: bau5 - used in 曝光 (bàoguāng).

Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: pug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰʊk̚⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: bau⁵
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /pau⁵⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: pū
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: puŏh
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuoʔ⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pha̍k
  - Tâi-lô: pha̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phak
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /pʰak̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pʰak̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰak̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pho̍k
  - Tâi-lô: pho̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phok
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pʰɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰɔk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po̍k
  - Tâi-lô: po̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pok
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɔk̚¹²¹/

Note:

pha̍k - vernacular (“to sun”);
pho̍k/po̍k - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: pag⁸ / bao⁶
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pha̍k / pău
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰak̚⁴/, /pau³⁵/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸boq; ⁶bau
  - MiniDict: boh^入; bau^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵boq; ³bau
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /boʔ¹²/, /bɔ²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: pu⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 曝
Mandarin	Beijing	/pʰu⁵¹/ /pau⁵¹/
	Harbin	/pau⁵³/
	Tianjin	/pʰu⁵³/
	Jinan	/pɔ²¹/
	Qingdao	/pɔ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/pʰu⁵³/
	Xi'an	/pau⁴⁴/
	Xining	/pʰv̩⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/pʰu¹³/
	Lanzhou	/pɔ¹³/ /pʰu¹³/
	Ürümqi	/pʰu⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/pʰu²¹³/
	Chengdu	/pʰu³¹/ /pau¹³/
	Guiyang	/pao²¹³/
	Kunming	/pʰu³¹/
	Nanjing	/pɔo⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/pʰəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/pau⁵³/
	Pingyao
	Hohhot	/pɔ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/boʔ¹/ /bɔ²³/
	Suzhou	/boʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/boʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/bo²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/pʰɔ²²/
Hui	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/pʰu²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/pʰu²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/pʰuk̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/pok̚²/
	Nanning	/pɔk̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/pok̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/pɔk̚⁵/ /pʰak̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/pʰuoʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/pʰu⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/pʰak̚⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ʔbau³³/ /fak̚³/

Middle Chinese: bawH, buwk

Rime
Character	曝	曝
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	屋 (3)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	薄報切	蒲木切
Baxter	bawH	buwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɑu^H/	/buk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/bɑu^H/	/buk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/bɑu^H/	/buk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/baw^H/	/bəwk̚/
Li Rong	/bɑu^H/	/buk̚/
Wang Li	/bɑu^H/	/buk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱɑu^H/	/bʱuk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bào	bú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bou⁶	buk⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-pˤawk/

(Zhengzhang): /*boːwɢs/, /*boːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	曝
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	pù
Middle Chinese	‹ buwk ›
Old Chinese	/*m-pˁawk/
English	expose to the sun
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	曝	曝
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	331	344
Phonetic component	暴	暴
Rime group	貌	屋
Rime subdivision	3	0
Corresponding MC rime	暴	暴
Old Chinese	/*boːwɢs/	/*boːɡ/

Definitions

曝

to sun; to air in the sun; to expose or dry in the sun
to expose; to reveal

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 曬 (“to sun; to expose in the sun”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		曬
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	曬
	Taiwan	曬
	Malaysia	曬
	Singapore	曬
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	曬
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	曬
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	曬
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	曬
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	曬
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	曬
Cantonese	Guangzhou	曬
	Hong Kong	曬
	Yangjiang	曬
	Singapore (Guangfu)	曬
Gan	Nanchang	曬
Hakka	Meixian	曬
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	曬
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	曬
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	曬
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	曬
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	炙
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	炙
Jin	Taiyuan	曬
Northern Min	Jian'ou	曝
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	曝
Southern Min	Xiamen	曝
	Quanzhou	曝
	Zhangzhou	曝
	Tainan	曝
	Penang (Hokkien)	曝
	Singapore (Hokkien)	曝
	Manila (Hokkien)	曝
	Chaozhou	曝
	Jieyang	曝
Wu	Suzhou	曬
Wu	Wenzhou	曬
Xiang	Changsha	曬
Xiang	Shuangfeng	曬

Compounds

References

“Entry #12808”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

Japanese

Kanji

曝

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

bleach
refine
expose
air

Readings

Compounds

曝白(ばくはく) (bakuhaku): whitening in exposure to the sun

Korean

Hanja

曝 • (po, pok) (hangeul 포, 폭, revised po, pok, McCune–Reischauer p'o, p'ok, Yale pho, phok)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

曝: Hán Nôm readings: bộc

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation