暖

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

暖 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 日月一水 (ABME), four-corner 6204₇, composition ⿰日爰)

Derived characters

𧞈

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 498, character 26
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14064
Dae Jaweon: page 866, character 19
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1525, character 1
Unihan data for U+6696

Chinese

simp. and trad.		暖
alternative forms		煖㬉煗𤆱

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (爰) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
暖	*noːnʔ
煖	noːnʔ, qʰʷan
喛	qʰʷaːns, qʰʷan
緩	*ɢʷaːnʔ
鰀	*ɢʷaːnʔ
嵈	*ɢʷaːnʔ
鍰	*ɢʷraːn
湲	*ɢʷan
媛	ɢʷans, ɢʷan
瑗	*ɢʷans
援	ɢʷans, ɢʷan
褑	*ɢʷans
諼	qʰʷan, qʰʷanʔ
愋	*qʰʷan
楥	*qʰʷans
爰	*ɢʷan
鶢	*ɢʷan
蝯	*ɢʷan
猨	*ɢʷan

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *noːnʔ) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 爰 (OC *ɢʷan). Later also used as a variant of 煖／暖 which is used as another word with different pronunciation.

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): nuǎn (nuan³)

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄨㄢˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): nyun⁵

(Taishan, Wiktionary): non⁴ / non¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): nôn

(Meixian, Guangdong): non¹
Eastern Min (BUC): nuāng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): nuang³ / nuong³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): loán / lún

(Teochew, Peng'im): luêng² / luang² / nuang² / ruang² / ruêng²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶noe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: nuǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄨㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: nuǎn
  - Wade–Giles: nuan³
  - Yale: nwǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: noan
  - Palladius: нуань (nuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nu̯än²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: nyun⁵
  - Yale: nyúhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: nyn⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: nün⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nyːn¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: non⁴ / non¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ⁿdᵘɔn²¹/, /ⁿdᵘɔn³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nôn
  - Hakka Romanization System: non^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: non¹
  - Sinological IPA: /non²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: non¹
  - Sinological IPA: /nɔn⁴⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: nuāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nˡuaŋ³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: nuang³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nuaŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: nuong³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nuoŋ³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: loán
  - Tâi-lô: luán
  - Phofsit Daibuun: loarn
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /luan⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /luan⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /luan⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lún
  - Tâi-lô: lún
  - Phofsit Daibuun: luon
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lun⁵⁵⁴/

Note:

loán - literary;
lún - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: luêng² / luang² / nuang² / ruang² / ruêng²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: luéng / luáng / nuáng / juáng / juéng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /lueŋ⁵²/, /luaŋ⁵²/, /nuaŋ⁵²/, /d͡zuaŋ⁵²/, /d͡zueŋ⁵²/

Note:

luêng2 - Chaozhou;
luang2 - Shantou, Raoping;
nuang2 - Jieyang, Chenghai, Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai;
ruêng2 - Chaozhou (only in 暖爐 (“hotpot”));
ruang2 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chenghai, Chaoyang (only in 暖爐 (“hotpot”)).

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶noe
  - MiniDict: noe^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³noe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /nø²³/

Middle Chinese: nwanX

Rime
Character	暖
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	乃管切
Baxter	nwanX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nuɑn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/nʷɑn^X/
Shao Rongfen	/nuɑn^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nwan^X/
Li Rong	/nuɑn^X/
Wang Li	/nuɑn^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/nuɑn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nuǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	nyun⁵

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*noːnʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	暖
Reading #	1/1
No.	16157
Phonetic component	爰
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	煗
Old Chinese	/*noːnʔ/
Notes	煖分化字見墨子訓讀同煗

Definitions

暖

warm; toasty
(transitive) to warm; to warm up

Synonyms

(to warm) 暖和 (nuǎnhuo)

Compounds

暖化 (nuǎnhuà)
暖和
暖呼呼
暖壺／暖壶 (nuǎnhú)
暖心 (nuǎnxīn)
暖房 (nuǎnfáng)
暄暖
暖暖 (Nuǎnnuǎn)
暖東／暖东 (Nuǎndōng)
暖氣／暖气 (nuǎnqì)
暖水瓶 (nuǎnshuǐpíng)
暖流 (nuǎnliú)
暖洋洋 (nuǎnyángyáng)
暖烘烘 (nuǎnhōnghōng)
暖爐／暖炉 (nuǎnlú)
暖瓶 (nuǎnpíng)
暖笠笠
暖簾／暖帘 (nuǎnlián)
暖色 (nuǎnsè)
暖融融
暖西 (Nuǎnxī)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xuān (xuan¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hyun¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xuān
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syuan
  - Wade–Giles: hsüan¹
  - Yale: sywān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiuan
  - Palladius: сюань (sjuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: hyun¹
  - Yale: hyūn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hyn¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hün¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyːn⁵⁵/

Definitions

暖

Used in 暖姝.
Used in 暖暖 (xuānxuān).

Japanese

Shinjitai	暖
Kyūjitai ^[1]	暖󠄁 暖+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	暖󠄃 暖+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

暖

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

warm

Readings

Go-on: なん (nan)
Kan-on: だん (dan, Jōyō)
Tō-on: のん (non)
Kun: あたたか (atataka, 暖か, Jōyō)、あたたかい (atatakai, 暖かい, Jōyō)、あたためる (atatameru, 暖める, Jōyō)、あたたまる (atatamaru, 暖まる, Jōyō)
Nanori: あつ (atsu)、ぬく (nuku)、はる (haru)、やす (yasu)

Compounds

暖(だん)気(き) (danki)
暖(だん)房(ぼう) (danbō)
暖(だん)流(りゅう) (danryū)
暖(だん)炉(ろ) (danro)
暖簾(のれん) (noren): noren, a Japanese curtain
温(おん)暖(だん) (ondan)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
暖
だん Grade: 6
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 暖 (MC nwanX).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) だん [dáꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
IPA^(key): [dã̠ɴ]

Noun

暖(だん) • (dan) ^{←だん (dan)^?}

(only in set phrases) warmth
暖(だん)を取(と)る
dan o toru
to get warmth

Etymology 2

Proper noun

暖(あたた) or 暖(いふ) or 暖(うらら) or 暖(だん) or 暖(のどか) or 暖(のん) or 暖(はる) or 暖(はるか) or 暖(はるな) or 暖(ひなた) • (Atata or Ifu or Urara or Dan or Nodoka or Non or Haru or Haruka or Haruna or Hinata)

a female given name

References

^ “暖”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology 1

Hanja

暖 (eumhun 따뜻할 난 (ttatteuthal nan))

hanja form^? of 난 (“warm”)

Compounds

난방 (暖房, nanbang, “heating”)
난대 (暖流, nandae, “warm current”)
지구 온난화 (地球溫暖化, jigu onnanhwa, “global warming”)

Etymology 2

Hanja

暖 (eumhun 부드러울 훤 (budeureoul hwon))

hanja form^? of 훤 (“genial”)

Vietnamese

Han character

暖: Hán Việt readings: huyên, noãn^[1], nõng, nóng, nũn, nuỹn, nuyễn
暖: Nôm readings: hoãn^[2], noãn^[1], nõng, nóng, nũn, nuỹn, nuyễn

chữ Hán form of noãn (“warm”).

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Trần (2004).
^ Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[1] “暖”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[gdhn-3] 1.0 ^1.1 Trần (2004).

[tdcntd-4] Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[1]

[2]

[1]

[2]