敦

敦 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 卜木人大 (YDOK), four-corner 0844₀, composition ⿰享攵)

• 噋 墩 憞 撴 暾 橔 潡 燉 犜 獤 㻻 礅 㬿 譈(𬤣) 蹾 鐓(镦) 䪃 驐(𮪥) 鷻 䔻 墪 憝 撉 䃦 鐜 𠎄 𡡬 𥋆 𫄃 𬚧 𦪔 𧑒 𧝋 𠓎 𪆝 𡼖 𥂦 𮕁 𧝗 𩞤 𪆃(𬸫) 𣦤

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 473, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13276
• Dae Jaweon: page 826, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1468, character 1
• Unihan data for U+6566

Historical forms of the character 敦
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Originally written 𦎫 in oracle bone script and bronze script, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 亯 (“ancestral shrine”) + 羊 (“sheep”). According to Ma Rulin (馬如森), the character represents a cooked goat used as a sacrifice. According to Ma Xulun (馬敍倫) and Yang Shuda (楊樹達), the character's original meanings was "to cook" and is the original form of 燉.

Later used to mean “to force; to compel” and came to be written with 攴, making the modern form an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːl, *doːn, *tuːn, *tuːns) : phonetic 𦎫 () + semantic 攴 (“hand”). The character 燉 was graphically shaped after the modern version.

“thick; earnest; plentiful; large”

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t/d)ow-n (“thick”).

“Tun”

From Malay Tun.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

敦

1. ^† angry
2. to urge
3. ^† to advise and encourage
4. ^† diligent
5. earnest; honest; generous
6. ^† intimate
7. ^† thick
8. ^† plentiful; rich
9. ^† large
10. ^† to attach importance to; to esteem; to revere
11. ^† to put something down with great force
12. A river in Shanxi
13. (Malaysia) Tun (Malay honorific title)
14. a surname

 

敦

1. (historical) ancient vessel used to hold grains

敦

1. ^† to administer; to manage

   • 敦商之旅，克咸厥功。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Duī Shāng zhī lǚ, kè xián jué gōng. [Pinyin]

     [Wu] disposed of the troops of Shang;
     He and his men shared equally in the achievement.

2. ^† solitary

   • 敦彼獨宿，亦在車下。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     敦彼独宿，亦在车下。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Duī bǐ dú sù, yì zài chē xià. [Pinyin]

     And quietly and solitarily did we pass the night,
     Under our carriages.

3. ^† to throw
4. ^† to force upon

   • 王事敦我，政事一埤遺我。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     王事敦我，政事一埤遗我。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Wángshì duī wǒ, zhèngshì yī pí yí wǒ. [Pinyin]

     The king's business is thrown on me,
     And the affairs of our government are left to me more and more.

See 團 (OC *doːn).

敦

1. ^† clustered
2. ^† Alternative form of 團／团 (tuán, “round”)

   • 有敦瓜苦，烝在栗薪。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Yǒu tuán guā kǔ, zhēng zài lì xīn. [Pinyin]

     There were the round bitter gourds hanging,
     From the branches of the chestnut trees.

敦

1. ^† to erect
2. ^† Alternative form of 墩 (dūn, “mound”)

敦

1. Only used in 混敦 and 敦然.

敦

1. Only used in 敦恨.

• “敦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “敦”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 57.

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. kindness, affinity

• Go-on: とん (ton)、たい (tai)
• Kan-on: とん (ton)、たい (tai)
• Kan’yō-on: つい (tsui)
• Kun: あつい (atsui, 敦い)
• Nanori: あつし (atsushi)、つとむ (tsutomu)

From Middle Chinese 敦 (MC twoj|twon|dwan|twonH).

• (Tokyo) たい [táꜜì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [ta̠i]

敦(たい) • (tai) 

1. dui (vessel)

敦(あつし) or 敦(つとむ) • (Atsushi or Tsutomu) 

1. a male given name

敦 (eumhun 쪼을 퇴 (jjo'eul toe))

1. hanja form^? of 퇴 (“peck”)

敦 (eumhun 모을 퇴 (mo'eul toe))

1. hanja form^? of 퇴 (“collect, gather”)

敦 (eumhun 다스릴 퇴 (daseuril toe))

1. hanja form^? of 퇴 (“manage, govern, administer”)

敦 (eumhun 끊을 퇴 (kkeuneul toe))

1. hanja form^? of 퇴 (“sever, cut off, put down”)

敦 (eumhun 곱송거릴 퇴 (gopsonggeoril toe))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

敦 (eumhun 성낼 퇴 (seongnael toe))

1. hanja form^? of 퇴 (“angry, furious”)

敦 (eumhun 도타울 돈 (dotaul don))

1. hanja form^? of 돈 (“esteem”)
2. hanja form^? of 돈 (“honest, candid, sincere”)

敦: Hán Việt readings: đôn (都(đô)昆(côn)切(thiết))^[1][2][3][4], dun^[4]
敦: Nôm readings: đon^{[1][2][3][5][6][7]}, run^{[1][2][3][4][6][7]}, xôn^[2][5][4], xun^[3][5][6], đôn^[3][4][7], giun^[4][6][7], dun^[4][6][7], don^[4][6][7], dồn^[1][2], ton^[3][5], rủn^[3][6], gion^[5][6], chon^[1], trôn^[1], đun^[1], dôn^[3], giôn^[3], đùn^[3], đũn^[6], dún^[7]

1. Nôm form of run (“to tremble; to shiver”).