教育

Chinese

		teach; teaching; religion	nourish; to rear
trad. (教育/敎育)		教/敎	育
simp. (教育)		教	育

Wikipedia has articles on:

教育 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
教育 (Cantonese)
kau-yuk (Hakka)
gáu-ṳ̆k (Eastern Min)
kàu-io̍k (Southern Min)
教育 (Wu)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “is it from Japanese?”)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiàoyù

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄩˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gaau³ juk⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): gau¹ yuuk⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kau-yuk

(Meixian, Guangdong): gau⁴ yug⁵
Eastern Min (BUC): gáu-ṳ̆k
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kàu-io̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): ga³ iog⁸
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ciau-yoq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiàoyù → jiàoyu (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄩˋ → ㄐㄧㄠˋ ˙ㄩ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiàoyů
  - Wade–Giles: chiao⁴-yü⁵
  - Yale: jyàu-yu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiaw.yuh
  - Palladius: цзяоюй (czjaojuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/ → /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ y¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    教育
    教諭／教谕
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gaau³ juk⁶
  - Yale: gaau yuhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaau³ juk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gao³ yug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːu̯³³ jʊk̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: gau¹ yuuk⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kau³³ jɵk̚³²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kau-yuk
  - Hakka Romanization System: gau iug^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gau⁴ yug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /kau̯⁵⁵ i̯uk̚²/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kau-yuk
  - Hakka Romanization System: gau (r)iug^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gau⁴ yug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /kau̯⁵⁵ (j)i̯uk̚²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: gau⁴ yug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /kau⁵³⁻⁵⁵ iʊk̚¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gáu-ṳ̆k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ yʔ⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàu-io̍k
  - Tâi-lô: kàu-io̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kao'iok
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kau²¹⁻⁵³ iɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ iɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kau²¹⁻⁵³ iɔk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kau¹¹⁻⁵³ iɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kau²¹⁻⁴¹ iɔk̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ga³ iog⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kà io̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka²¹³⁻⁵⁵ iok̚⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵ciau-yoq
  - MiniDict: ciau^去 yoh
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²jiau-hhioq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiɔ³³ ɦioʔ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: kaewH yuwk

Rime
Character	教	育
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	古孝切	余六切
Baxter	kaewH	yuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠau^H/	/jɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚau^H/	/jiuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kau^H/	/iuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨw^H/	/juwk̚/
Li Rong	/kau^H/	/iuk̚/
Wang Li	/kau^H/	/jĭuk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kau^H/	/i̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiào	yù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaau³	juk⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s.kˤraw-s m-quk/

(Zhengzhang): /*kraːws luɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	教	育
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiào	yù
Middle Chinese	‹ kæw^H ›	‹ yuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*s.kˁraw-s/	/*m-quk/
English	teaching; instruction	breed, produce
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	教	育
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	14643	15984
Phonetic component	爻	育
Rime group	宵	覺
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	敎	育
Old Chinese	/*kraːws/	/*luɡ/
Notes		說文肉聲非，實毓右隸變

Noun

教育

education; instruction; schooling
成人教育 ― chéngrén jiàoyù ― adult education

教育功能 ― jiàoyù gōngnéng ― educational function

教育史 ― jiàoyù shǐ ― history of education

接受教育 ― jiēshòu jiàoyù ― to receive education

終身教育／终身教育 ― zhōngshēn jiàoyù ― lifelong education

道德教育 ― dàodé jiàoyù ― moral instruction

免費教育／免费教育 ― miǎnfèi jiàoyù ― free education

教育取向 ― jiàoyù qǔxiàng ― educational orientation

綠色教育／绿色教育 ― lǜsè jiàoyù ― education with a focus on environmental protection

人均受教育年限 ― rénjūn shòu jiàoyù niánxiàn ― average duration of schooling

一個受過良好教育的人 [MSC, trad.]
一个受过良好教育的人 [MSC, simp.]
yī ge shòuguò liánghǎo jiàoyù de rén [Pinyin]
a well-educated person

普及科學與民主，根子在教育。 [MSC, trad.]
普及科学与民主，根子在教育。 [MSC, simp.]
Pǔjí kēxué yǔ mínzhǔ, gēnzi zài jiàoyù. [Pinyin]
Education is at the root of the popularization of science and democracy.

知識不一定完全來自於學校的教育，社會也是個大學嘛。 [MSC, trad.]
知识不一定完全来自于学校的教育，社会也是个大学嘛。 [MSC, simp.]
Zhīshí bù yīdìng wánquán láizì yú xuéxiào de jiàoyù, shèhuì yě shì ge dàxué ma. [Pinyin]
Knowledge does not come from schooling alone. Society is a kind of university.

Synonyms

(figurative) 弦歌 (xiángē)

Verb

教育

to educate; to enlighten; to inculcate
- 得天下英才而教育之，三樂也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  得天下英才而教育之，三乐也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE
  Dé tiānxià yīngcái ér jiàoyù zhī, sānyuè yě. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

edit

傳授／传授 (chuánshòu)
傳教／传教 (chuánjiāo)
指授 (zhǐshòu) (literary)
教導／教导 (jiàodǎo)
教授 (jiāoshòu)
教練／教练 (jiàoliàn)
教習／教习 (jiàoxí) (literary)
教訓／教训 (jiàoxùn)
教誨／教诲 (jiàohuì) (formal)
教識／教识 (gaau³ sik¹) (Cantonese)
施教 (shījiào) (literary)
訓／训 (xùn) (literary, or in compounds)
訓誨／训诲 (xùnhuì) (literary, chiefly of superiors to subordinates, or old to young)
講授／讲授 (jiǎngshòu)

Derived terms

中等教育 (zhōngděng jiàoyù)
兒童早期教育／儿童早期教育 (értóng zǎoqī jiàoyù)
公民教育 (gōngmín jiàoyù)
再教育 (zàijiàoyù)
國民教育／国民教育 (guómín jiàoyù)
基礎教育／基础教育 (jīchǔ jiàoyù)
學前教育／学前教育 (xuéqián jiàoyù)
家庭教育 (jiātíng jiàoyù)
平民教育 (píngmín jiàoyù)
幼兒教育／幼儿教育 (yòu'ér jiàoyù)
性教育 (xìngjiàoyù)
應試教育／应试教育 (yìngshì jiàoyù)
成人教育 (chéngrén jiàoyù)
投教 (tóujiào)
教育家 (jiàoyùjiā)
教育會／教育会 (jiàoyùhuì)
教育機構／教育机构 (jiàoyù jīgòu)
教育界 (jiàoyùjiè)
教育社會學／教育社会学 (jiàoyù shèhuìxué)
教育部 (jiàoyùbù)
普通教育 (pǔtōng jiàoyù)
特殊教育 (tèshū jiàoyù)
素質教育／素质教育 (sùzhì jiàoyù)
網絡教育／网络教育 (wǎngluò jiàoyù)
繼續教育／继续教育 (jìxù jiàoyù)
義務教育／义务教育 (yìwù jiàoyù)
育樂／育乐 (yùlè)
衛教／卫教 (wèijiào)
遠程教育／远程教育 (yuǎnchéng jiàoyù)
遙距教育／遥距教育 (yáojù jiàoyù)
高等教育 (gāoděng jiàoyù)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (教育):

→ Japanese: 教(きょう)育(いく) (kyōiku)
→ Korean: 교육(敎育) (gyoyuk)
→ Vietnamese: giáo dục (教育)

Others:

→ Zhuang: gyauyuz

Related terms

開導／开导 (kāidǎo)
訓導／训导 (xùndǎo)
涵養／涵养 (hányǎng)
教養／教养 (jiàoyǎng)
培養／培养 (péiyǎng)
修養／修养 (xiūyǎng)

References

“Entry #7369”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
教	育
きょう Grade: 2	いく Grade: 3
goon	on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きょーいく [kyòóíkú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [kʲo̞ːikɯ̟]

Noun

教(きょう)育(いく) • (kyōiku) ^{←けういく (keuiku)^?}

education

Hypernyms

三大義務(さんだいぎむ) (san-dai-gimu)

Derived terms

Verb

教(きょう)育(いく)する • (kyōiku suru) ^{←けういく (keuiku)^?}transitive suru (stem 教(きょう)育(いく)し (kyōiku shi), past 教(きょう)育(いく)した (kyōiku shita))

to educate

Conjugation

Conjugation of "教育する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	教育し	きょういくし	kyōiku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	教育し	きょういくし	kyōiku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	教育する	きょういくする	kyōiku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	教育する	きょういくする	kyōiku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	教育すれ	きょういくすれ	kyōiku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	教育せよ¹ 教育しろ²	きょういくせよ¹ きょういくしろ²	kyōiku seyo¹ kyōiku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	教育される	きょういくされる	kyōiku sareru
Causative	教育させる教育さす	きょういくさせるきょういくさす	kyōiku saseru kyōiku sasu
Potential	教育できる	きょういくできる	kyōiku dekiru
Volitional	教育しよう	きょういくしよう	kyōiku shiyō
Negative	教育しない	きょういくしない	kyōiku shinai
Negative continuative	教育せず	きょういくせず	kyōiku sezu
Formal	教育します	きょういくします	kyōiku shimasu
Perfective	教育した	きょういくした	kyōiku shita
Conjunctive	教育して	きょういくして	kyōiku shite
Hypothetical conditional	教育すれば	きょういくすれば	kyōiku sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
教	育

Noun

教育 • (gyoyuk) (hangeul 교육)

Alternative form of 敎育 (“education”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
教	育

Noun

教育

chữ Hán form of giáo dục (“education”).

Verb

教育

chữ Hán form of giáo dục (“to educate, to train”).

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

[2]