如此

Chinese

		as (if); such as	this; these
trad. (如此)		如	此
simp. ^#(如此)		如	此

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): rúcǐ

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄨˊ ㄘˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁴ ci²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yì-chhṳ́

(Meixian, Guangdong): yi² ci³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lû-chhú / lîr-chhír / lû-chhír / jû-chhú / jî-chhú / lî-chhú

(Teochew, Peng'im): ru⁵ ce²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: rúcǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄨˊ ㄘˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rúcǐh
  - Wade–Giles: ju²-tzʻŭ³
  - Yale: rú-tsž
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rutsyy
  - Palladius: жуцы (žucy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐu³⁵ t͡sʰz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jyu⁴ ci²
  - Yale: yùh chí
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁴ tsi²
  - Guangdong Romanization: yu⁴ qi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²¹ t͡sʰiː³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    如此
    餘矢／余矢
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì-chhṳ́
  - Hakka Romanization System: i^ˇ cii^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi² ci³
  - Sinological IPA: /i¹¹ t͡sʰɨ³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì-chhṳ́
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)i^ˇ cii^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi² ci³
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i¹¹ t͡sʰɨ³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yi² ci³
  - Sinological IPA: /i¹¹ t͡sʰz̩³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lû-chhú
  - Tâi-lô: lû-tshú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: luzhuo
  - IPA (Taipei): /lu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰu⁵³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lu²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰu⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîr-chhír
  - Tâi-lô: lîr-tshír
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lɯ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lû-chhír
  - Tâi-lô: lû-tshír
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lu²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jû-chhú
  - Tâi-lô: jû-tshú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: juzhuo
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zu¹³⁻²² t͡sʰu⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /zu²³⁻³³ t͡sʰu⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jî-chhú
  - Tâi-lô: jî-tshú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jizhuo
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /zi²³⁻³³ t͡sʰu⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lî-chhú
  - Tâi-lô: lî-tshú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lizhuo
  - IPA (Taipei): /li²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰu⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ru⁵ ce²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jû tshṳ́
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰɯ⁵²/

Middle Chinese: nyo|nyoH tshjeX

Rime
Character	如	如	此
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)	日 (38)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)	魚 (22)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	人諸切	人恕切	雌氏切
Baxter	nyo	nyoH	tshjeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨʌ/	/ȵɨʌ^H/	/t͡sʰiᴇ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiɔ/	/ȵiɔ^H/	/t͡sʰiɛ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑiɔ/	/ȵʑiɔ^H/	/t͡sʰjɛ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵɨə̆/	/ȵɨə̆^H/	/t͡sʰiə̆^X/
Li Rong	/ȵiɔ/	/ȵiɔ^H/	/t͡sʰie^X/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭo/	/ȵʑĭo^H/	/t͡sʰǐe^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯wo/	/ȵʑi̯wo^H/	/t͡sʰie̯^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rú	rù	cǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu⁴	jyu⁶	ci²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*na [tsʰ]e(j)ʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*nja|njas sʰeʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	如	此
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rú	cǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ nyo ›	‹ tshje^X ›
Old Chinese	/*na/	/*[tsʰ]e(j)ʔ/
English	as, like, if	this
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	如	如	此
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	9623	9631	1724
Phonetic component	女	女	此
Rime group	魚	魚	支
Rime subdivision	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	如	洳	此
Old Chinese	/*nja/	/*njas/	/*sʰeʔ/
Notes			甲文象足踏人背，爲跐初文

Adverb

如此

like this; so; such; the case; this way
往往如此 ― wǎngwǎng rúcǐ ― to be often the case

事已如此 ― shì yǐ rúcǐ ― this being the case

但也就如此了 ― dàn yě jiù rúcǐ le ― but that is about it

真的如此嗎？／真的如此吗？ ― Zhēnde rúcǐ ma? ― Is that so?

新方法也不是完美的；果然如此，它比老方法好得多。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
Xīn fāngfǎ yě bùshì wánměi de; guǒrán rúcǐ, tā bǐ lǎo fāngfǎ hǎo de duō. [Pinyin]
The new method is not perfect; even so, it is much better than the old one.

Synonyms

(literary) 如是 (rúshì), 如斯 (rúsī)
(colloquial) 這樣／这样 (zhèyàng)

Derived terms

原來如此／原来如此 (yuánláirúcǐ)
如此而已