伏

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

伏 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人戈大 (OIK), four-corner 2323₄, composition ⿰亻犬)

Derived characters

垘, 洑, 栿, 袱, 絥, 䟮, 鮲, 茯, 覄, 𰂐

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 95, character 23
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 438
Dae Jaweon: page 202, character 7
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 119, character 4
Unihan data for U+4F0F

Chinese

simp. and trad.		伏

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 伏
Western Zhou	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Bronze inscriptions b12383 Small seal script s05877 Transcribed ancient scripts L37486 L37487 L37488 L25340 L25341 L25342 L25343 L25344 L25345 L25346 L25347 L25348 L25349 L25350 L25351
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (伏) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
絥	brɯɡs, bɯɡ
伏	bɯɡs, bɯɡ
垘	*bɯːɡ
茯	*bɯɡ
洑	*bɯɡ
栿	*bɯɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 人 (“person”) + 犬 (“dog”) – meaning “prostrate”.

A dog at the side of a person.
A person adopting the position of a dog.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fú (fu²)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): buk⁶ / fuk⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fu̍k / pu̍k / puk
Jin (Wiktionary): feh⁵
Eastern Min (BUC): hŭk
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ho̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): hog⁸ / pag⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸voq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fú
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fú
  - Wade–Giles: fu²
  - Yale: fú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwu
  - Palladius: фу (fu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: buk⁶ / fuk⁶
  - Yale: buhk / fuhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: buk⁹ / fuk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: bug⁶ / fug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʊk̚²/, /fʊk̚²/

Note:

buk6 - vernacular;
fuk6 - literary.

Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fu̍k / pu̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: fug / bug
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fug⁶ / bug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /fuk̚⁵/, /puk̚⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fu̍k / pu̍k / puk
  - Hakka Romanization System: fug / bug / bug^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fug⁶ / bug⁶ / bug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /fuk̚⁵/, /puk̚⁵/, /puk̚²/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: feh⁵
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /fəʔ⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hŭk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huʔ⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ho̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ho̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hok
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /hɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔk̚¹²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hog⁸ / pag⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ho̍k / phak
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hok̚⁴/, /pʰak̚²/

Note:

hog4 - literary;
pag4 - vernacular.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸voq
  - MiniDict: voh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵voq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /voʔ¹²/

Middle Chinese: bjuwk

Rime
Character	伏
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	房六切
Baxter	bjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/biuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/biuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buwk̚/
Li Rong	/biuk̚/
Wang Li	/bĭuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fuk⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ək/

(Zhengzhang): /*bɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	伏
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fú
Middle Chinese	‹ bjuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ək/
English	lie prostrate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	伏
Reading #	2/2
No.	3333
Phonetic component	伏
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	伏
Old Chinese	/*bɯɡ/

Definitions

伏

to lie prostrate
to crouch; to crawl
to ambush; to lie hidden
- 夫大國難測也，懼有伏焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  夫大国难测也，惧有伏焉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE
  Fū dàguó náncè yě, jù yǒu fú yān. [Pinyin]
  It is difficult to fathom the moves of a great state, and I feared an ambush.
to hide; to conceal
to surrender; to yield
to accept; to submit; to bear; to endure
to subdue
to go down; to fall down
to remain; to wait for
to remove
- 屠羊說曰：「大王失國，非臣之罪，故不敢伏其誅；大王反國，非臣之功，故不敢當其賞。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  屠羊说曰：「大王失国，非臣之罪，故不敢伏其诛；大王反国，非臣之功，故不敢当其赏。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE
  Tú yáng Yuè yuē: “Dàiwang shī guó, fēi chén zhī zuì, gù bùgǎn fú qí zhū; dàiwang fǎn guó, fēi chén zhī gōng, gù bùgǎn dāng qí shǎng.” [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
residence
hottest days of summer
(Hong Kong Cantonese) below expectation; worse than anticipated; trappy
Synonym: 雷 (léi) (Mandarin)
(obsolete) horizontal wooden bar in front of a carriage chair
Short for 伏特 (fútè, “volt”).
Alternative form of 服
a surname: Fu

Synonyms

(to hide):

edit

匿藏 (nìcáng)
埋
埋藏 (máicáng) (figuratively)
暗囥 (Hokkien, Teochew)
暗藏 (àncáng)
潛藏／潜藏 (qiáncáng)
竄／窜 (cuàn) (literary, or in compounds)
竄匿／窜匿 (cuànnì)
藏蹤／藏踪 (cángzōng)
藏身 (cángshēn)
藏躲 (cángduǒ)
覕囥／𰴕囥 (Hokkien)
走覕／走𰴕 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
走閃／走闪 (Min Nan)
躲藏 (duǒcáng)
躲避 (duǒbì)
逃 (táo)
逃匿 (táonì)
迴避／回避 (huíbì)
逃避 (táobì)
避諱／避讳 (bìhuì) (colloquial)
閃覕／闪𰴕 (Min Nan)
隱秘／隐秘 (yǐnmì)
隱蔽／隐蔽 (yǐnbì)
隱藏／隐藏 (yǐncáng)
隱覕／隐𰴕 (ín-bih, ún-bih) (Min Nan)
隱避／隐避 (yǐnbì)

(hottest days of summer): 伏天 (fútiān)

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fù (fu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fau⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶bu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fù
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fù
  - Wade–Giles: fu⁴
  - Yale: fù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
  - Palladius: фу (fu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: fau⁶
  - Yale: fauh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fau⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: feo⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐu̯²²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶bu
  - MiniDict: bu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³bu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /bu²³/

Middle Chinese: bjuwH

Rime
Character	伏
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	扶富切
Baxter	bjuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/biu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/biəu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buw^H/
Li Rong	/biu^H/
Wang Li	/bĭəu^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯ə̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fau⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ək-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*bɯɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	伏
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fú
Middle Chinese	‹ bjuw^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ək-s/
English	hatch (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	伏
Reading #	1/2
No.	3331
Phonetic component	伏
Rime group	代
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	復
Old Chinese	/*bɯɡs/

Definitions

伏

(archaic or dialectal) to hatch
伏小雞／伏小鸡 [Shanghainese] ― ⁶bu ⁵shiau-ci [Wugniu] ― to hatch chicks

Compounds

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 伏 – see 復 (“to return; to recover; to resume; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 復).

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 伏 – see 負 (“to carry; to bear; to rely on; to load; to burden; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 負).

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 伏 – see 袱. (This character is the second-round simplified form of 袱).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 伏 – see 匐. (This character is the second-round simplified form of 匐).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese

Kanji

伏

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: ぶく (buku)
Kan-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)
On: ふう (fū)
Kun: ふす (fusu, 伏す, Jōyō)、ふせる (fuseru, 伏せる, Jōyō)、したがう (shitagau, 伏う)
Nanori: ぶせ (buse)

Korean

Hanja

伏 (eumhun 엎드릴 복 (eopdeuril bok))

hanja form^? of 복 (“crouch, crawl, lie hidden, conceal”)

伏 (eumhun 안을 부 (aneul bu))

hanja form^? of 복 (“embrace, hold something in one's arms”)

Vietnamese

Han character

伏: Hán Nôm readings: phục

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.