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See also: , and
U+4E45, 久
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E45

[U+4E44]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4E46]

Translingual

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Stroke order
3 strokes 
Stroke order
 

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 4, 丿+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 弓人 (NO) or 難弓人 (XNO), four-corner 27800, composition 𠂊)

Derived characters

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Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 81, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 118
  • Dae Jaweon: page 165, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 33, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4E45

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms
𫝄

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character


References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Used interchangeably with in oracle bone script. Likely a pictogram (象形) of an arrow tip.

Etymology

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Possibly Sino-Tibetan. Compare Bantawa [script needed] (kʰokpa, old man) (Sagart, 2017d), which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kwak (old).

(OC *N-kʷəʔ-s) may be a derivative (Baxter and Sagart, 2014). See there for more.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • gū - vernacular;
  • giēu - literary.
Note:
  • kú - vernacular;
  • kiú - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter kjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun
/kiuX/
Shao
Rongfen
/kiəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kuwX/
Li
Rong
/kiuX/
Wang
Li
/kĭəuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ki̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jiǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gau2
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jiǔ
Middle
Chinese
‹ kjuwX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[k]ʷəʔ/
English a long time

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 6969
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʷlɯʔ/

Definitions

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  1. (of time) long
      ―  Nǐ dāi le duōjiǔ?  ―  How long did you stay?
    我們走路 [MSC, trad.]
    我们走路 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen zǒulù zǒu le hěn jiǔ. [Pinyin]
    We walked for a long time.
  2. a surname

Synonyms

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Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. long time

Readings

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Compounds

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Proper noun

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(ひさし) (Hisashi

  1. a male given name

Korean

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Hanja

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(eumhun 오랠 (orael gu))

  1. hanja form? of (to be long)

Vietnamese

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Alternative forms

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Han character

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: Hán Việt readings: cửu ((cử)(hữu)(thiết))[3]
: Nôm readings: cửu[4]

  1. chữ Hán form of cửu (for a long time).

References

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Zhuang

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Noun

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  1. Sawndip form of gyaeuj (head; headhair)