سهم

Arabic

Root
س ه م (s h m)
3 terms

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sahm/

Noun

سَهْم • (sahm) m (plural سِهَام (sihām) or أَسْهُم (ʔashum) or سُهُوم (suhūm))

arrow, dart
cosine
principal beam of support in house or tent
mast

Declension

Declension of noun سَهْم (sahm)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَهْم sahm	السَّهْم as-sahm	سَهْم sahm
Nominative	سَهْمٌ sahmun	السَّهْمُ as-sahmu	سَهْمُ sahmu
Accusative	سَهْمًا sahman	السَّهْمَ as-sahma	سَهْمَ sahma
Genitive	سَهْمٍ sahmin	السَّهْمِ as-sahmi	سَهْمِ sahmi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَهْمَيْن sahmayn	السَّهْمَيْن as-sahmayn	سَهْمَيْ sahmay
Nominative	سَهْمَانِ sahmāni	السَّهْمَانِ as-sahmāni	سَهْمَا sahmā
Accusative	سَهْمَيْنِ sahmayni	السَّهْمَيْنِ as-sahmayni	سَهْمَيْ sahmay
Genitive	سَهْمَيْنِ sahmayni	السَّهْمَيْنِ as-sahmayni	سَهْمَيْ sahmay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سِهَام‎; أَسْهُم‎; سُهُوم sihām‎; ʔashum‎; suhūm	السِّهَام‎; الْأَسْهُم‎; السُّهُوم as-sihām‎; al-ʔashum‎; as-suhūm	سِهَام‎; أَسْهُم‎; سُهُوم sihām‎; ʔashum‎; suhūm
Nominative	سِهَامٌ‎; أَسْهُمٌ‎; سُهُومٌ sihāmun‎; ʔashumun‎; suhūmun	السِّهَامُ‎; الْأَسْهُمُ‎; السُّهُومُ as-sihāmu‎; al-ʔashumu‎; as-suhūmu	سِهَامُ‎; أَسْهُمُ‎; سُهُومُ sihāmu‎; ʔashumu‎; suhūmu
Accusative	سِهَامًا‎; أَسْهُمًا‎; سُهُومًا sihāman‎; ʔashuman‎; suhūman	السِّهَامَ‎; الْأَسْهُمَ‎; السُّهُومَ as-sihāma‎; al-ʔashuma‎; as-suhūma	سِهَامَ‎; أَسْهُمَ‎; سُهُومَ sihāma‎; ʔashuma‎; suhūma
Genitive	سِهَامٍ‎; أَسْهُمٍ‎; سُهُومٍ sihāmin‎; ʔashumin‎; suhūmin	السِّهَامِ‎; الْأَسْهُمِ‎; السُّهُومِ as-sihāmi‎; al-ʔashumi‎; as-suhūmi	سِهَامِ‎; أَسْهُمِ‎; سُهُومِ sihāmi‎; ʔashumi‎; suhūmi

Noun

سَهْم • (sahm) m (plural أَسْهُم (ʔashum) or سُهْمَان (suhmān) or سُهْمَة (suhma))

Declension

Declension of noun سَهْم (sahm)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَهْم sahm	السَّهْم as-sahm	سَهْم sahm
Nominative	سَهْمٌ sahmun	السَّهْمُ as-sahmu	سَهْمُ sahmu
Accusative	سَهْمًا sahman	السَّهْمَ as-sahma	سَهْمَ sahma
Genitive	سَهْمٍ sahmin	السَّهْمِ as-sahmi	سَهْمِ sahmi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَهْمَيْن sahmayn	السَّهْمَيْن as-sahmayn	سَهْمَيْ sahmay
Nominative	سَهْمَانِ sahmāni	السَّهْمَانِ as-sahmāni	سَهْمَا sahmā
Accusative	سَهْمَيْنِ sahmayni	السَّهْمَيْنِ as-sahmayni	سَهْمَيْ sahmay
Genitive	سَهْمَيْنِ sahmayni	السَّهْمَيْنِ as-sahmayni	سَهْمَيْ sahmay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote‎; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَسْهُم‎; سُهْمَان‎; سُهْمَة ʔashum‎; suhmān‎; suhma	الْأَسْهُم‎; السُّهْمَان‎; السُّهْمَة al-ʔashum‎; as-suhmān‎; as-suhma	أَسْهُم‎; سُهْمَان‎; سُهْمَة ʔashum‎; suhmān‎; suhmat
Nominative	أَسْهُمٌ‎; سُهْمَانٌ‎; سُهْمَةٌ ʔashumun‎; suhmānun‎; suhmatun	الْأَسْهُمُ‎; السُّهْمَانُ‎; السُّهْمَةُ al-ʔashumu‎; as-suhmānu‎; as-suhmatu	أَسْهُمُ‎; سُهْمَانُ‎; سُهْمَةُ ʔashumu‎; suhmānu‎; suhmatu
Accusative	أَسْهُمًا‎; سُهْمَانًا‎; سُهْمَةً ʔashuman‎; suhmānan‎; suhmatan	الْأَسْهُمَ‎; السُّهْمَانَ‎; السُّهْمَةَ al-ʔashuma‎; as-suhmāna‎; as-suhmata	أَسْهُمَ‎; سُهْمَانَ‎; سُهْمَةَ ʔashuma‎; suhmāna‎; suhmata
Genitive	أَسْهُمٍ‎; سُهْمَانٍ‎; سُهْمَةٍ ʔashumin‎; suhmānin‎; suhmatin	الْأَسْهُمِ‎; السُّهْمَانِ‎; السُّهْمَةِ al-ʔashumi‎; as-suhmāni‎; as-suhmati	أَسْهُمِ‎; سُهْمَانِ‎; سُهْمَةِ ʔashumi‎; suhmāni‎; suhmati

Descendants

→ Azerbaijani: səhm
→ Malay: saham
- Indonesian: saham
Maltese: sehem
→ Pashto: سهم (sahm)
→ Persian: سهم (sahm)
→ Turkish: sehim

Verb

سَهَمَ • (sahama) I (non-past يَسْهُمُ (yashumu), verbal noun سُهُوم (suhūm))

to have a stern face

Conjugation

Conjugation of سَهَمَ (I, sound, a ~ u, no passive, verbal noun سُهُوم)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					سُهُوم suhūm
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					سَاهِم sāhim
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	سَهَمْتُ sahamtu	سَهَمْتَ sahamta	سَهَمَ sahama	سَهَمْتُمَا sahamtumā	سَهَمَا sahamā	سَهَمْنَا sahamnā	سَهَمْتُمْ sahamtum	سَهَمُوا sahamū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	سَهَمْتُ sahamtu	سَهَمْتِ sahamti	سَهَمَتْ sahamat	سَهَمْتُمَا sahamtumā	سَهَمَتَا sahamatā	سَهَمْنَا sahamnā	سَهَمْتُنَّ sahamtunna	سَهَمْنَ sahamna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَسْهُمُ ʔashumu	تَسْهُمُ tashumu	يَسْهُمُ yashumu	تَسْهُمَانِ tashumāni	يَسْهُمَانِ yashumāni	نَسْهُمُ nashumu	تَسْهُمُونَ tashumūna	يَسْهُمُونَ yashumūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَسْهُمُ ʔashumu	تَسْهُمِينَ tashumīna	تَسْهُمُ tashumu	تَسْهُمَانِ tashumāni	تَسْهُمَانِ tashumāni	نَسْهُمُ nashumu	تَسْهُمْنَ tashumna	يَسْهُمْنَ yashumna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَسْهُمَ ʔashuma	تَسْهُمَ tashuma	يَسْهُمَ yashuma	تَسْهُمَا tashumā	يَسْهُمَا yashumā	نَسْهُمَ nashuma	تَسْهُمُوا tashumū	يَسْهُمُوا yashumū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَسْهُمَ ʔashuma	تَسْهُمِي tashumī	تَسْهُمَ tashuma	تَسْهُمَا tashumā	تَسْهُمَا tashumā	نَسْهُمَ nashuma	تَسْهُمْنَ tashumna	يَسْهُمْنَ yashumna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَسْهُمْ ʔashum	تَسْهُمْ tashum	يَسْهُمْ yashum	تَسْهُمَا tashumā	يَسْهُمَا yashumā	نَسْهُمْ nashum	تَسْهُمُوا tashumū	يَسْهُمُوا yashumū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَسْهُمْ ʔashum	تَسْهُمِي tashumī	تَسْهُمْ tashum	تَسْهُمَا tashumā	تَسْهُمَا tashumā	نَسْهُمْ nashum	تَسْهُمْنَ tashumna	يَسْهُمْنَ yashumna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُسْهُمْ ushum		اُسْهُمَا ushumā			اُسْهُمُوا ushumū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		اُسْهُمِي ushumī		اُسْهُمَا ushumā			اُسْهُمْنَ ushumna

References

Freytag, Georg (1833) “سهم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 370
Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “سهم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[2], London: W.H. Allen, page 515
Lane, Edward William (1863) “سهم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[3], London: Williams & Norgate, page 1454
Wehr, Hans (1979) “سهم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, pages 510–511
Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (2020) “سهم”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 6th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 446b

Pashto

Etymology

From Arabic سَهْم (sahm).

Noun

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سهم • (sahm) m

share

Persian

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [sahm]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [säɦm]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [sɑːm]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [sɔːm]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [sæɦm]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [säɦm]

Readings
Classical reading^?	sahm
Dari reading^?	sahm
Iranian reading^?	sahm
Tajik reading^?	sahm

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic سَهْم (sahm).

Noun


Iranian Persian	سهم
Dari	سهم
Tajik	саҳм

سهم • (sahm) (plural اسهم (ashom) or سهام (sehâm) or سهم‌ها (sahm-hâ))

share, portion, quota, contribution
(stock market) share

Derived terms

سهم کردن (sahm kardan)
سهیم (sahim)

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian [script needed] (sahm), from Old Persian [script needed] (*çahman), from Proto-Iranian *θráhma, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *trásma, from Proto-Indo-European *trés-mn̥, from *tres- (“to tremble”). Doublet of (ram, “shying”).

Noun


Iranian Persian	سهم
Dari	سهم
Tajik	саҳм

سهم • (sahm) (plural سهم‌ها (sahm-hâ))

(archaic) fear
Synonym: ترس (tars)

Derived terms

سهم داشتن (sahm dâštan)
سهمگین (sahmgin)

Descendants

→ Armenian: սահմ (sahm)
→ Gurani: سام (sām)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: सहम (saham)

Urdu: سہم (sahm)
→ Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: سام (sam)

Northern Kurdish: sav

Southern Kurdish: سیەو (syew), سیەم (syem)
→ Pashto: سهم (sahm)