ψάλλω
Ancient Greek
editEtymology
editUnknown; probably Pre-Greek. More at ψάω (psáō).
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /psál.lɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpsal.lo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈpsal.lo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈpsal.lo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈpsa.lo/
Verb
editψάλλω • (psállō)
- to touch sharply, pluck, pull, twitch, twang
- to play a stringed instrument with the fingers, not with the plectron
- (Koine) to sing (a psalm)
Conjugation
edit Present: ψᾰ́λλω, ψᾰ́λλομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔψᾰλλον | ἔψᾰλλες | ἔψᾰλλε(ν) | ἐψᾰ́λλετον | ἐψᾰλλέτην | ἐψᾰ́λλομεν | ἐψᾰ́λλετε | ἔψᾰλλον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐψᾰλλόμην | ἐψᾰ́λλου | ἐψᾰ́λλετο | ἐψᾰ́λλεσθον | ἐψᾰλλέσθην | ἐψᾰλλόμεθᾰ | ἐψᾰ́λλεσθε | ἐψᾰ́λλοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ψᾰλέω | ψᾰλέεις | ψᾰλέει | ψᾰλέετον | ψᾰλέετον | ψᾰλέομεν | ψᾰλέετε | ψᾰλέουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ψᾰλέοιμῐ | ψᾰλέοις | ψᾰλέοι | ψᾰλέοιτον | ψᾰλεοίτην | ψᾰλέοιμεν | ψᾰλέοιτε | ψᾰλέοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | ψᾰλέομαι | ψᾰλέῃ, ψᾰλέει |
ψᾰλέεται | ψᾰλέεσθον | ψᾰλέεσθον | ψᾰλεόμεθᾰ | ψᾰλέεσθε | ψᾰλέονται | ||||
optative | ψᾰλεοίμην | ψᾰλέοιο | ψᾰλέοιτο | ψᾰλέοισθον | ψᾰλεοίσθην | ψᾰλεοίμεθᾰ | ψᾰλέοισθε | ψᾰλέοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ψᾰλέειν | ψᾰλέεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ψᾰλέων | ψᾰλεόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ψᾰλέουσᾰ | ψᾰλεομένη | |||||||||||
n | ψᾰλέον | ψᾰλεόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ψᾰλῶ | ψᾰλεῖς | ψᾰλεῖ | ψᾰλεῖτον | ψᾰλεῖτον | ψᾰλοῦμεν | ψᾰλεῖτε | ψᾰλοῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ψᾰλοίην, ψᾰλοῖμῐ |
ψᾰλοίης, ψᾰλοῖς |
ψᾰλοίη, ψᾰλοῖ |
ψᾰλοῖτον, ψᾰλοίητον |
ψᾰλοίτην, ψᾰλοιήτην |
ψᾰλοῖμεν, ψᾰλοίημεν |
ψᾰλοῖτε, ψᾰλοίητε |
ψᾰλοῖεν, ψᾰλοίησᾰν | |||||
middle | indicative | ψᾰλοῦμαι | ψᾰλῇ | ψᾰλεῖται | ψᾰλεῖσθον | ψᾰλεῖσθον | ψᾰλούμεθᾰ | ψᾰλεῖσθε | ψᾰλοῦνται | ||||
optative | ψᾰλοίμην | ψᾰλοῖο | ψᾰλοῖτο | ψᾰλοῖσθον | ψᾰλοίσθην | ψᾰλοίμεθᾰ | ψᾰλοῖσθε | ψᾰλοῖντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ψᾰλεῖν | ψᾰλεῖσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ψᾰλῶν | ψᾰλούμενος | ||||||||||
f | ψᾰλοῦσᾰ | ψᾰλουμένη | |||||||||||
n | ψᾰλοῦν | ψᾰλούμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔψηλᾰ | ἔψηλᾰς | ἔψηλε(ν) | ἐψήλᾰτον | ἐψηλᾰ́την | ἐψήλᾰμεν | ἐψήλᾰτε | ἔψηλᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | ψήλω | ψήλῃς | ψήλῃ | ψήλητον | ψήλητον | ψήλωμεν | ψήλητε | ψήλωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ψήλαιμῐ | ψήλειᾰς, ψήλαις |
ψήλειε(ν), ψήλαι |
ψήλαιτον | ψηλαίτην | ψήλαιμεν | ψήλαιτε | ψήλειᾰν, ψήλαιεν | |||||
imperative | ψῆλον | ψηλᾰ́τω | ψήλᾰτον | ψηλᾰ́των | ψήλᾰτε | ψηλᾰ́ντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ἐψηλᾰ́μην | ἐψήλω | ἐψήλᾰτο | ἐψήλᾰσθον | ἐψηλᾰ́σθην | ἐψηλᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐψήλᾰσθε | ἐψήλᾰντο | ||||
subjunctive | ψήλωμαι | ψήλῃ | ψήληται | ψήλησθον | ψήλησθον | ψηλώμεθᾰ | ψήλησθε | ψήλωνται | |||||
optative | ψηλαίμην | ψήλαιο | ψήλαιτο | ψήλαισθον | ψηλαίσθην | ψηλαίμεθᾰ | ψήλαισθε | ψήλαιντο | |||||
imperative | ψῆλαι | ψηλᾰ́σθω | ψήλᾰσθον | ψηλᾰ́σθων | ψήλᾰσθε | ψηλᾰ́σθων | |||||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ψῆλαι | ψήλᾰσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ψήλᾱς | ψηλᾰ́μενος | ||||||||||
f | ψήλᾱσᾰ | ψηλᾰμένη | |||||||||||
n | ψῆλᾰν | ψηλᾰ́μενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | indicative | ἔψᾱλᾰ | ἔψᾱλᾰς | ἔψᾱλε(ν) | ἐψᾱ́λᾰτον | ἐψᾱλᾰ́την | ἐψᾱ́λᾰμεν | ἐψᾱ́λᾰτε | ἔψᾱλᾰν |
subjunctive | ψᾱ́λω | ψᾱ́λῃς | ψᾱ́λῃ | ψᾱ́λητον | ψᾱ́λητον | ψᾱ́λωμεν | ψᾱ́λητε | ψᾱ́λωσῐ(ν) | |
optative | ψᾱ́λαιμῐ | ψᾱ́λειᾰς, ψᾱ́λαις |
ψᾱ́λειε(ν), ψᾱ́λαι |
ψᾱ́λαιτον | ψᾱλαίτην | ψᾱ́λαιμεν | ψᾱ́λαιτε | ψᾱ́λειᾰν, ψᾱ́λαιεν | |
imperative | ψᾶλον | ψᾱλᾰ́τω | ψᾱ́λᾰτον | ψᾱλᾰ́των | ψᾱ́λᾰτε | ψᾱλᾰ́ντων | |||
middle | indicative | ἐψᾱλᾰ́μην | ἐψᾱ́λω | ἐψᾱ́λᾰτο | ἐψᾱ́λᾰσθον | ἐψᾱλᾰ́σθην | ἐψᾱλᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐψᾱ́λᾰσθε | ἐψᾱ́λᾰντο |
subjunctive | ψᾱ́λωμαι | ψᾱ́λῃ | ψᾱ́ληται | ψᾱ́λησθον | ψᾱ́λησθον | ψᾱλώμεθᾰ | ψᾱ́λησθε | ψᾱ́λωνται | |
optative | ψᾱλαίμην | ψᾱ́λαιο | ψᾱ́λαιτο | ψᾱ́λαισθον | ψᾱλαίσθην | ψᾱλαίμεθᾰ | ψᾱ́λαισθε | ψᾱ́λαιντο | |
imperative | ψᾶλαι | ψᾱλᾰ́σθω | ψᾱ́λᾰσθον | ψᾱλᾰ́σθων | ψᾱ́λᾰσθε | ψᾱλᾰ́σθων | |||
active | middle | ||||||||
infinitive | ψᾶλαι | ψᾱ́λᾰσθαι | |||||||
participle | m | ψᾱ́λᾱς | ψᾱλᾰ́μενος | ||||||
f | ψᾱ́λᾱσᾰ | ψᾱλᾰμένη | |||||||
n | ψᾶλᾰν | ψᾱλᾰ́μενον |
Derived terms
editDescendants
editFurther reading
edit- ψάλλω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- “ψάλλω”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
- “ψάλλω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- G5567 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1659-1660
Greek
editEtymology
editLearned borrowing from Ancient Greek ψάλλω (psállō). Doublet of ψέλνω (psélno).
Pronunciation
editVerb
editψάλλω • (psállo) (past έψαλα, passive ψάλλομαι, p‑past ψάλθηκα/εψάλη, εψάλησαν3rd, ppp ψαλμένος)
- (formal, transitive, intransitive) Alternative form of ψέλνω (psélno, “to chant (a religious hymn or an anthem)”)
- (transitive, figuratively) to praise [with accusative]
Conjugation
editψάλλω ψάλλομαι
Active voice ➤ | Passive voice ➤ | |||
Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | Present | Dependent |
1 sg | ψάλλω | ψάλω | ψάλλομαι | ψαλώ |
2 sg | ψάλλεις | ψάλεις | ψάλλεσαι | ψαλείς |
3 sg | ψάλλει | ψάλει | ψάλλεται | ψαλεί |
1 pl | ψάλλουμε, [‑ομε] | ψάλουμε, [‑ομε] | ψαλλόμαστε | ψαλούμε |
2 pl | ψάλλετε | ψάλετε | ψάλλεστε, ψαλλόσαστε | ψαλείτε |
3 pl | ψάλλουν(ε) | ψάλουν(ε) | ψάλλονται | ψαλούν(ε) |
Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | Imperfect | Simple past |
1 sg | έψαλλα | έψαλα | ψαλλόμουν(α) | ψάλθηκαsee ψέλνω |
2 sg | έψαλλες | έψαλες | ψαλλόσουν(α) | ψάλθηκες |
3 sg | έψαλλε | έψαλε | ψαλλόταν(ε) | ψάλθηκε, {εψάλη} |
1 pl | ψάλλαμε | ψάλαμε | ψαλλόμασταν, (‑όμαστε) | ψαλθήκαμε |
2 pl | ψάλλατε | ψάλατε | ψαλλόσασταν, (‑όσαστε) | ψαλθήκατε |
3 pl | έψαλλαν, ψάλλαν(ε) | έψαλαν, ψάλαν(ε) | ψάλλονταν, (ψαλλόντουσαν) | ψάλθηκαν, ψαλθήκαν, {εψάλησαν} |
Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | Continuous | Simple |
1 sg | θα ψάλλω ➤ | θα ψάλω ➤ | θα ψάλλομαι ➤ | θα ψαλώ ➤ |
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα ψάλλεις, … | θα ψάλεις, … | θα ψάλλεσαι, … | θα ψαλείς, … |
Perfect aspect ➤ | Perfect aspect | |||
Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … ψάλει | έχω, έχεις, ... ψαλθεί / ψαλεί είμαι, είσαι, … ψαλμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … ψάλει | είχα, είχες, ... ψαλθεί / ψαλεί ήμουν, ήσουν, … ψαλμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … ψάλει | θα έχω, θα έχεις, ... ψαλθεί / ψαλεί θα είμαι, θα είσαι, … ψαλμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
2 sg | ψάλλε | ψάλε | — | — |
2 pl | ψάλλετε | ψάλτε | ψάλλεστε | ψαλείτε |
Other forms | Active voice | Passive voice | ||
Present participle➤ | ψάλλοντας ➤ | ψαλλόμενος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
Perfect participle➤ | έχοντας ψάλει ➤ | ψαλμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
Nonfinite form➤ | ψάλει | ψαλθεί / ψαλεί | ||
Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
• (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Derived terms
editRelated terms
edit- αποψάλλω (apopsállo, “finish chanting”) (rare)
- αρχιψάλτης m (archipsáltis, “precentor”)
- άψαλτος (ápsaltos, “not chanted”)
- εξάψαλμος m (exápsalmos, “sequence of six psalms”)
- ιεροψάλτης m (ieropsáltis)
- πρωτοψάλτης m (protopsáltis, “precentor”)
- ψαλμικός (psalmikós)
- ψαλμός m (psalmós, “psalm”)
- ψαλμωδία f (psalmodía), ψαλμουδιά f (psalmoudiá)
- ψαλμωδός m (psalmodós)
- ψάλσιμο n (psálsimo, “chanting”)
- ψαλτήρι n (psaltíri, “psalter”)
- ψαλτήριο n (psaltírio, “psalter”)
- ψάλτης m (psáltis), ψάλτρια f (psáltria)
- ψαλτική f (psaltikí, “the art of chanting hymns”)
- ψαλτικός (psaltikós)
- ψαλτός (psaltós, “chanted”)
- and ψέλνω (psélno), modern form of ψάλλω (psállo)
See also
edit- τραγουδώ (tragoudó, “I sing”)
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Koine Greek
- Greek terms borrowed from Ancient Greek
- Greek learned borrowings from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek doublets
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek verbs
- Greek formal terms
- Greek transitive verbs
- Greek intransitive verbs
- Greek irregular verbs