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English

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈtɑːpə/
  • Audio (Southern England):(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɑːpə

Etymology 1

From Tongan tapa.

Noun

tapa (countable and uncountable, plural tapas)

  1. A kind of cloth prepared by the Polynesians from the inner bark of the paper mulberry.
    Synonym: kapa
    • 2005, Roger Neich, Mick Pendergrast, Pacific Tapa, University of Hawaii Press, unnumbered page:
      For many of these cultures, clothing — or at least coverings for basic modesty such as loincloths and G-strings — is the main use of tapa.
Alternative forms
Translations

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish tapa.

Noun

tapa (plural tapas)

  1. Any appetizer or snack served in the evening as part of tapas.

Etymology 3

Noun

tapa (uncountable)

  1. Seasoned slices of dried or cured meat in Filipino cuisine.

Anagrams

'Are'are

Verb

tapa

  1. to cut

References

A-Pucikwar

Etymology

From Proto-Great Andamanese *tapə.

Adjective

tapa

  1. blind

References

Asturian

Etymology

From Gothic *tappa, from Proto-Germanic *tappô (plug, tap).

Noun

tapa f (plural tapes)

  1. lid (top or cover)

Catalan

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Gothic *tappa, from Proto-Germanic *tappô (plug, tap). Doublet of tap.

Noun

tapa f (plural tapes)

  1. lid, top, cover
  2. cover (of a book)
    Synonym: coberta
  3. heelplate (reinforcing piece on the heel of a shoe)
  4. tapa (appetizer)
Derived terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

tapa

  1. inflection of tapar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

Cebuano

Pronunciation

  • Hyphenation: ta‧pa

Noun

tapa

  1. thinly sliced fried beef

Verb

tapa

  1. to smoke fish

Estonian

Verb

tapa

  1. Second-person singular imperative form of tapma.
  2. Present connegative form of tapma.

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse tapa.

Pronunciation

Verb

tapa (third person singular past indicative tapti, third person plural past indicative taptu, supine tapt)

  1. to lose
    • tapa dyst
      to lose the match

Conjugation

Conjugation of tapa (group v-2)
infinitive tapa
supine tapt
participle (a39)1 tapandi taptur
present past
first singular tapi tapti
second singular tapir tapti
third singular tapir tapti
plural tapa taptu
imperative
singular tap!
plural tapið!
1Only the past participle being declined.

Finnish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *tapa, borrowed from Proto-Baltic *dabāˀ (compare Latvian daba).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈtɑpɑ/, [ˈt̪ɑ̝pɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -ɑpɑ
  • Hyphenation(key): ta‧pa

Noun

tapa

  1. habit (action performed on a regular basis)
    Meillä oli sunnuntaisin tapana mennä rannalle.
    We used to go to the beach on Sundays. / We would go to the beach on Sundays.
  2. habit (action performed repeatedly and automatically, usually without awareness)
    Synonym: tottumus
  3. custom (frequent repetition of the same act)
    Synonym: käytäntö
  4. (usually in the plural) habit, manner (one's customary method of acting)
  5. (usually in the plural) manner (good, polite behavior)
  6. way, manner (to do something)
    jollain tavallasome way, by some means, somehow
Declension
Inflection of tapa (Kotus type 9*E/kala, p-v gradation)
nominative tapa tavat
genitive tavan tapojen
partitive tapaa tapoja
illative tapaan tapoihin
singular plural
nominative tapa tavat
accusative nom. tapa tavat
gen. tavan
genitive tavan tapojen
tapain rare
partitive tapaa tapoja
inessive tavassa tavoissa
elative tavasta tavoista
illative tapaan tapoihin
adessive tavalla tavoilla
ablative tavalta tavoilta
allative tavalle tavoille
essive tapana tapoina
translative tavaksi tavoiksi
abessive tavatta tavoitta
instructive tavoin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of tapa (Kotus type 9*E/kala, p-v gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative tapani tapani
accusative nom. tapani tapani
gen. tapani
genitive tapani tapojeni
tapaini rare
partitive tapaani tapojani
inessive tavassani tavoissani
elative tavastani tavoistani
illative tapaani tapoihini
adessive tavallani tavoillani
ablative tavaltani tavoiltani
allative tavalleni tavoilleni
essive tapanani tapoinani
translative tavakseni tavoikseni
abessive tavattani tavoittani
instructive
comitative tapoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative tapasi tapasi
accusative nom. tapasi tapasi
gen. tapasi
genitive tapasi tapojesi
tapaisi rare
partitive tapaasi tapojasi
inessive tavassasi tavoissasi
elative tavastasi tavoistasi
illative tapaasi tapoihisi
adessive tavallasi tavoillasi
ablative tavaltasi tavoiltasi
allative tavallesi tavoillesi
essive tapanasi tapoinasi
translative tavaksesi tavoiksesi
abessive tavattasi tavoittasi
instructive
comitative tapoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative tapamme tapamme
accusative nom. tapamme tapamme
gen. tapamme
genitive tapamme tapojemme
tapaimme rare
partitive tapaamme tapojamme
inessive tavassamme tavoissamme
elative tavastamme tavoistamme
illative tapaamme tapoihimme
adessive tavallamme tavoillamme
ablative tavaltamme tavoiltamme
allative tavallemme tavoillemme
essive tapanamme tapoinamme
translative tavaksemme tavoiksemme
abessive tavattamme tavoittamme
instructive
comitative tapoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative tapanne tapanne
accusative nom. tapanne tapanne
gen. tapanne
genitive tapanne tapojenne
tapainne rare
partitive tapaanne tapojanne
inessive tavassanne tavoissanne
elative tavastanne tavoistanne
illative tapaanne tapoihinne
adessive tavallanne tavoillanne
ablative tavaltanne tavoiltanne
allative tavallenne tavoillenne
essive tapananne tapoinanne
translative tavaksenne tavoiksenne
abessive tavattanne tavoittanne
instructive
comitative tapoinenne
Derived terms
adjectives
verbs
compounds

Further reading

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈtɑpɑˣ/, [ˈt̪ɑ̝pɑ̝(ʔ)]
  • Rhymes: -ɑpɑ
  • Hyphenation(key): ta‧pa

Verb

tapa

  1. inflection of tappaa:
    1. present active indicative connegative
    2. second-person singular present imperative
    3. second-person singular present active imperative connegative

Anagrams

French

Pronunciation

Verb

tapa

  1. third-person singular past historic of taper

Galician

Verb

tapa

  1. inflection of tapar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse tapa (to lose), cognate with the Swedish tappa and Danish tabe.

Pronunciation

Verb

tapa (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative tapaði, supine tapað)

  1. (transitive, governs the dative) to lose

Conjugation

Indonesian

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit तप (tapa), तपस् (tapas).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ta.pa/
  • Hyphenation: ta‧pa

Verb

tapa

  1. to do asceticism
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ta.pa/
  • Hyphenation: ta‧pa

Noun

tapa

  1. a fish, (Gastromyzon borneensis).
Alternative forms

Etymology 3

From Minangkabau, from Sanskrit तप (tapa).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ta.pa/
  • Hyphenation: ta‧pa

Adjective

tapa

  1. strong

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ta.pa/
  • Hyphenation: ta‧pa

Verb

tapa

  1. Alternative form of tempa

Further reading

Ingrian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *tapa. Cognates include Finnish tapa and Estonian tava.

Pronunciation

Noun

tapa

  1. way, manner
    • 1937, N. Iljin, Iƶoran Keelen Programma Alkușkoulua vart[2], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 3:
      Programman materiala ono jaettu jokahist oppivootta vart mokomal taval:
      The material of the curriculum is divided for every school year in these ways:
  2. custom, tradition
    • 2009, Inkeri[3], volume 1, number 71, St. Petersburg, page 9:
      Hävijä heien kieli, kultuuri, tavad.
      Their language is disappearing, their culture, customs.
  3. character, disposition
Declension
Declension of tapa (type 3/kana, p-v gradation, gemination)
singular plural
nominative tapa tavat
genitive tavan tappoin
partitive tappaa tapoja
illative tappaa tappoi
inessive tavas tavois
elative tavast tavoist
allative tavalle tavoille
adessive taval tavoil
ablative tavalt tavoilt
translative tavaks tavoiks
essive tapanna, tappaan tapoinna, tappoin
exessive1) tapant tapoint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.
Synonyms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

Verb

tapa

  1. inflection of tappaa:
    1. present indicative connegative
    2. second-person singular imperative
    3. second-person singular imperative connegative

References

  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 565

Irish

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Adjective

tapa

  1. quick, ready, active
    Synonyms: mear, gasta, luath, sciobtha
    Antonym: mall
    Tá sé tapa as a lámha.He is quick with his hands.
    Tá sí tapa ar a cosa.She is fast on her feet.
    Nach tapa a choir sé?Didn't he tire very quickly?

Declension

Declension of tapa
singular plural (m/f)
Positive masculine feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
nominative tapa thapa tapa;
thapa2
vocative thapa tapa
genitive tapa tapa tapa
dative tapa;
thapa1
thapa tapa;
thapa2
Comparative níos tapa
Superlative is tapa

1 When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
2 When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms

Noun

tapa m (genitive singular tapa)

  1. quickness, speed
    Synonyms: éascaíocht, luas, mire, tapúlacht
    Antonym: moille
  2. readiness
  3. activity, vigour
    Synonyms: lúth, gníomh
    Níl treoir ná tapa ann.He has neither strength nor vigour.

Declension

Declension of tapa (fourth declension, no plural)
bare forms
case singular
nominative tapa
vocative a thapa
genitive tapa
dative tapa
forms with the definite article
case singular
nominative an tapa
genitive an tapa
dative leis an tapa
don tapa

Derived terms

Mutation

Mutated forms of tapa
radical lenition eclipsis
tapa thapa dtapa

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Latvian

Noun

tapa f (4th declension)

  1. plug (hole filler)
  2. peg
  3. spigot
  4. pin
  5. stopgap

Declension

Verb

tapa

  1. third-person singular/plural past indicative of tapt

Maori

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *tapa.

Noun

tapa

  1. rim, edge, boundary
  2. split
  3. labia

Muzo

Etymology

From or cognate to a Cariban word like Kari'na topu (stone).

Noun

tapa

  1. stone

References

  • Willem F. H. Adelaar, The Languages of the Andes (2004)
  • Napoleón Peralta Barrera, El país de los muzos (1998)

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

Noun

tapa n

  1. definite plural of tap

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Verb

tapa (present tense tapar/taper, past tense tapa/tapte, past participle tapa/tapt, passive infinitive tapast, present participle tapande, imperative tapa/tap)

  1. a-infinitive and split infinitive form of tape

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Verb

tapa (present tense tapar, past tense tapa, past participle tapa, passive infinitive tapast, present participle tapande, imperative tapa/tap)

  1. alternative spelling of teipa

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Noun

tapa n

  1. definite plural of tap

References

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *tappōną, from Proto-Indo-European *dh₂pnéh₂ti, from *deh₂p- (to lose, sacrifice), from *deh₂- (to divide).

Verb

tapa

  1. (transitive, with dative) to lose

Conjugation

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Danish: tabe
  • Faroese: tapa
  • Icelandic: tapa
  • Norwegian: tape, tapa
  • Swedish: tappa

References

  • tapa”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Portuguese

Pronunciation

  • Rhymes: -apɐ
  • Hyphenation: ma‧pa

Etymology 1

From Gothic *tappa, from Proto-Germanic *tappô (plug, tap). Cognate with Italian tappare.

Noun

tapa (Brazil) m or (Portugal) f (plural tapas)

  1. (informal) a slap
  2. (informal) argument without a replica
  3. (Brazil, vulgar) discrete marijuana use

Etymology 2

Verb

tapa

  1. inflection of tapar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French taper.

Pronunciation

Verb

a tapa (third-person singular present tapează, past participle tapat) 1st conj.

  1. to borrow money without the intention to return it

Conjugation

Further reading

Spanish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈtapa/ [ˈt̪a.pa]
  • Rhymes: -apa
  • Syllabification: ta‧pa

Etymology 1

From Gothic *𐍄𐌰𐍀𐍀𐌰 (*tappa), from Proto-Germanic *tappô (plug, tap). Cognate with Italian tappare and English tap.

Noun

tapa f (plural tapas)

  1. lid, cap (the top or cover of a container)
    Synonyms: tapadera, (for bottles) tapón
  2. the bottom of a shoe's heel
  3. cover (the front and back of a book)
    Synonyms: (front cover) portada, cubierta
    de tapa blandasoftcover
    de tapa durahardcover
  4. sluicegate
    Synonym: compuerta
  5. flank (a cut of meat from the flank of a cow)
  6. tapa, appetizer (small portion of food)
  7. (in the plural, Argentina) dough for making empanadas (pastries)
Usage notes
  • Tapa is a false friend, and does not mean tap. Spanish equivalents are shown in the "Translations" section of the English entry tap.
Derived terms
Descendants

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

tapa

  1. inflection of tapar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

Anagrams

Swahili

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

-tapa (infinitive kutapa)

  1. to shiver, quiver, shudder

Conjugation

Conjugation of -tapa
Positive present -natapa
Subjunctive -tape
Negative -tapi
Imperative singular tapa
Infinitives
Positive kutapa
Negative kutotapa
Imperatives
Singular tapa
Plural tapeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hutapa
Positive past positive subject concord + -litapa
Negative past negative subject concord + -kutapa
Positive present (positive subject concord + -natapa)
Singular Plural
1st person ninatapa/natapa tunatapa
2nd person unatapa mnatapa
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anatapa wanatapa
other classes positive subject concord + -natapa
Negative present (negative subject concord + -tapi)
Singular Plural
1st person sitapi hatutapi
2nd person hutapi hamtapi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hatapi hawatapi
other classes negative subject concord + -tapi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tatapa
Negative future negative subject concord + -tatapa
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -tape)
Singular Plural
1st person nitape tutape
2nd person utape mtape
3rd person m-wa(I/II) atape watape
other classes positive subject concord + -tape
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sitape
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngetapa
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singetapa
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalitapa
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalitapa
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atapa)
Singular Plural
1st person natapa twatapa
2nd person watapa mwatapa
3rd person m-wa(I/II) atapa watapa
m-mi(III/IV) watapa yatapa
ji-ma(V/VI) latapa yatapa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chatapa vyatapa
n(IX/X) yatapa zatapa
u(XI) watapa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwatapa
pa(XVI) patapa
mu(XVIII) mwatapa
Perfect positive subject concord + -metapa
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshatapa
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jatapa
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kitapa
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipotapa
Consecutive katapa / positive subject concord + -katapa
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -katape
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nitapa -tutapa
2nd person -kutapa -watapa/-kutapeni/-watapeni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mtapa -watapa
m-mi(III/IV) -utapa -itapa
ji-ma(V/VI) -litapa -yatapa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kitapa -vitapa
n(IX/X) -itapa -zitapa
u(XI) -utapa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kutapa
pa(XVI) -patapa
mu(XVIII) -mutapa
Reflexive -jitapa
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -tapa- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -tapaye -tapao
m-mi(III/IV) -tapao -tapayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -tapalo -tapayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -tapacho -tapavyo
n(IX/X) -tapayo -tapazo
u(XI) -tapao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -tapako
pa(XVI) -tapapo
mu(XVIII) -tapamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -tapa)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yetapa -otapa
m-mi(III/IV) -otapa -yotapa
ji-ma(V/VI) -lotapa -yotapa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chotapa -vyotapa
n(IX/X) -yotapa -zotapa
u(XI) -otapa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kotapa
pa(XVI) -potapa
mu(XVIII) -motapa
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Tagalog

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tapa, ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *Capa. May be related to तप (tapa, heat).

Pronunciation 1

  • IPA(key): /ˈtapa/, [ˈt̪aː.pɐ]
  • Hyphenation: ta‧pa

Noun

tapa (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜉ)

  1. jerked meat; jerky (especially beef or pork)
Derived terms

Adjective

tapa (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜉ)

  1. jerked; preserved by jerking
    Synonym: tinapa

Pronunciation 2

  • IPA(key): /taˈpa/, [t̪ɐˈpa]
  • Hyphenation: ta‧pa

Adjective

tapá (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜉ)

  1. smoked; cured by exposure to smoke (of meat or fish)
Derived terms

Ternate

Etymology

Adapted from Malay tampal or tempel.

Pronunciation

Verb

tapa

  1. (transitive) to patch something

Conjugation

Conjugation of tapa
Singular Plural
Inclusive Exclusive
1st totapa fotapa mitapa
2nd notapa nitapa
3rd Masculine otapa itapa, yotapa
Feminine motapa
Neuter itapa
- archaic

References

  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Tongan

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *tapa.

Pronunciation

Noun

tapa

  1. tapa (bordered Polynesian cloth)
  2. edge; border

Descendants

Venda

Verb

tapa

  1. to flick

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *tapa.

Pronunciation

Noun

tapa

  1. way, manner
  2. custom
  3. nature, character

Inflection

Declension of tapa (type III/jalkõ, p-v gradation)
singular plural
nominative tapa tavad
genitive tava tapojõ, tapoi
partitive tappa tapoitõ, tapoi
illative tappasõ, tappa tapoisõ
inessive tavaz tapoiz
elative tavassõ tapoissõ
allative tavalõ tapoilõ
adessive tavallõ tapoillõ
ablative tavaltõ tapoiltõ
translative tavassi tapoissi
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive.
***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

References

  • Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “tapa”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

Zulu

Verb

-tâpa

  1. to extract, to take out
  2. to demolish

Inflection

Tone HH
Infinitive ukutapa
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukutapa ukungatapi
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular tapa -tape
Plural tapani -tapeni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyatapa, ngitapa engitapayo, engitapa ngitapa angitapi engingatapi ngingatapi
2nd singular uyatapa, utapa otapayo, otapa utapa awutapi ongatapi ungatapi
1st plural siyatapa, sitapa esitapayo, esitapa sitapa asitapi esingatapi singatapi
2nd plural niyatapa, nitapa enitapayo, enitapa nitapa anitapi eningatapi ningatapi
Class 1 uyatapa, utapa otapayo, otapa etapa akatapi ongatapi engatapi
Class 2 bayatapa, batapa abatapayo, abatapa betapa abatapi abangatapi bengatapi
Class 3 uyatapa, utapa otapayo, otapa utapa awutapi ongatapi ungatapi
Class 4 iyatapa, itapa etapayo, etapa itapa ayitapi engatapi ingatapi
Class 5 liyatapa, litapa elitapayo, elitapa litapa alitapi elingatapi lingatapi
Class 6 ayatapa, atapa atapayo, atapa etapa awatapi angatapi engatapi
Class 7 siyatapa, sitapa esitapayo, esitapa sitapa asitapi esingatapi singatapi
Class 8 ziyatapa, zitapa ezitapayo, ezitapa zitapa azitapi ezingatapi zingatapi
Class 9 iyatapa, itapa etapayo, etapa itapa ayitapi engatapi ingatapi
Class 10 ziyatapa, zitapa ezitapayo, ezitapa zitapa azitapi ezingatapi zingatapi
Class 11 luyatapa, lutapa olutapayo, olutapa lutapa alutapi olungatapi lungatapi
Class 14 buyatapa, butapa obutapayo, obutapa butapa abutapi obungatapi bungatapi
Class 15 kuyatapa, kutapa okutapayo, okutapa kutapa akutapi okungatapi kungatapi
Class 17 kuyatapa, kutapa okutapayo, okutapa kutapa akutapi okungatapi kungatapi
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngitapile, ngitapē engitapile, engitapē ngitapile, ngitapē angitapanga engingatapanga ngingatapanga
2nd singular utapile, utapē otapile, otapē utapile, utapē awutapanga ongatapanga ungatapanga
1st plural sitapile, sitapē esitapile, esitapē sitapile, sitapē asitapanga esingatapanga singatapanga
2nd plural nitapile, nitapē enitapile, enitapē nitapile, nitapē anitapanga eningatapanga ningatapanga
Class 1 utapile, utapē otapile, otapē etapile, etapē akatapanga ongatapanga engatapanga
Class 2 batapile, batapē abatapile, abatapē betapile, betapē abatapanga abangatapanga bengatapanga
Class 3 utapile, utapē otapile, otapē utapile, utapē awutapanga ongatapanga ungatapanga
Class 4 itapile, itapē etapile, etapē itapile, itapē ayitapanga engatapanga ingatapanga
Class 5 litapile, litapē elitapile, elitapē litapile, litapē alitapanga elingatapanga lingatapanga
Class 6 atapile, atapē atapile, atapē etapile, etapē awatapanga angatapanga engatapanga
Class 7 sitapile, sitapē esitapile, esitapē sitapile, sitapē asitapanga esingatapanga singatapanga
Class 8 zitapile, zitapē ezitapile, ezitapē zitapile, zitapē azitapanga ezingatapanga zingatapanga
Class 9 itapile, itapē etapile, etapē itapile, itapē ayitapanga engatapanga ingatapanga
Class 10 zitapile, zitapē ezitapile, ezitapē zitapile, zitapē azitapanga ezingatapanga zingatapanga
Class 11 lutapile, lutapē olutapile, olutapē lutapile, lutapē alutapanga olungatapanga lungatapanga
Class 14 butapile, butapē obutapile, obutapē butapile, butapē abutapanga obungatapanga bungatapanga
Class 15 kutapile, kutapē okutapile, okutapē kutapile, kutapē akutapanga okungatapanga kungatapanga
Class 17 kutapile, kutapē okutapile, okutapē kutapile, kutapē akutapanga okungatapanga kungatapanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngātapa engātapa ngātapa angitapanga engingatapanga ngingatapanga
2nd singular wātapa owātapa wātapa awutapanga ongatapanga ungatapanga
1st plural sātapa esātapa sātapa asitapanga esingatapanga singatapanga
2nd plural nātapa enātapa nātapa anitapanga eningatapanga ningatapanga
Class 1 wātapa owātapa ātapa akatapanga ongatapanga engatapanga
Class 2 bātapa abātapa bātapa abatapanga abangatapanga bengatapanga
Class 3 wātapa owātapa wātapa awutapanga ongatapanga ungatapanga
Class 4 yātapa eyātapa yātapa ayitapanga engatapanga ingatapanga
Class 5 lātapa elātapa lātapa alitapanga elingatapanga lingatapanga
Class 6 ātapa ātapa ātapa awatapanga angatapanga engatapanga
Class 7 sātapa esātapa sātapa asitapanga esingatapanga singatapanga
Class 8 zātapa ezātapa zātapa azitapanga ezingatapanga zingatapanga
Class 9 yātapa eyātapa yātapa ayitapanga engatapanga ingatapanga
Class 10 zātapa ezātapa zātapa azitapanga ezingatapanga zingatapanga
Class 11 lwātapa olwātapa lwātapa alutapanga olungatapanga lungatapanga
Class 14 bātapa obātapa bātapa abutapanga obungatapanga bungatapanga
Class 15 kwātapa okwātapa kwātapa akutapanga okungatapanga kungatapanga
Class 17 kwātapa okwātapa kwātapa akutapanga okungatapanga kungatapanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingatapa ngingatapa ngingetape ngingetape
2nd singular ungatapa ungatapa ungetape ungetape
1st plural singatapa singatapa singetape singetape
2nd plural ningatapa ningatapa ningetape ningetape
Class 1 angatapa engatapa angetape engetape
Class 2 bangatapa bengatapa bangetape bengetape
Class 3 ungatapa ungatapa ungetape ungetape
Class 4 ingatapa ingatapa ingetape ingetape
Class 5 lingatapa lingatapa lingetape lingetape
Class 6 angatapa engatapa angetape engetape
Class 7 singatapa singatapa singetape singetape
Class 8 zingatapa zingatapa zingetape zingetape
Class 9 ingatapa ingatapa ingetape ingetape
Class 10 zingatapa zingatapa zingetape zingetape
Class 11 lungatapa lungatapa lungetape lungetape
Class 14 bungatapa bungatapa bungetape bungetape
Class 15 kungatapa kungatapa kungetape kungetape
Class 17 kungatapa kungatapa kungetape kungetape
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizotapa engizotapa ngizotapa angizutapa engingezutapa ngingezutapa
2nd singular uzotapa ozotapa uzotapa awuzutapa ongezutapa ungezutapa
1st plural sizotapa esizotapa sizotapa asizutapa esingezutapa singezutapa
2nd plural nizotapa enizotapa nizotapa anizutapa eningezutapa ningezutapa
Class 1 uzotapa ozotapa ezotapa akazutapa ongezutapa engezutapa
Class 2 bazotapa abazotapa bezotapa abazutapa abangezutapa bengezutapa
Class 3 uzotapa ozotapa uzotapa awuzutapa ongezutapa ungezutapa
Class 4 izotapa ezotapa izotapa ayizutapa engezutapa ingezutapa
Class 5 lizotapa elizotapa lizotapa alizutapa elingezutapa lingezutapa
Class 6 azotapa azotapa ezotapa awazutapa angezutapa engezutapa
Class 7 sizotapa esizotapa sizotapa asizutapa esingezutapa singezutapa
Class 8 zizotapa ezizotapa zizotapa azizutapa ezingezutapa zingezutapa
Class 9 izotapa ezotapa izotapa ayizutapa engezutapa ingezutapa
Class 10 zizotapa ezizotapa zizotapa azizutapa ezingezutapa zingezutapa
Class 11 luzotapa oluzotapa luzotapa aluzutapa olungezutapa lungezutapa
Class 14 buzotapa obuzotapa buzotapa abuzutapa obungezutapa bungezutapa
Class 15 kuzotapa okuzotapa kuzotapa akuzutapa okungezutapa kungezutapa
Class 17 kuzotapa okuzotapa kuzotapa akuzutapa okungezutapa kungezutapa
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyotapa engiyotapa ngiyotapa angiyutapa engingeyutapa ngingeyutapa
2nd singular uyotapa oyotapa uyotapa awuyutapa ongeyutapa ungeyutapa
1st plural siyotapa esiyotapa siyotapa asiyutapa esingeyutapa singeyutapa
2nd plural niyotapa eniyotapa niyotapa aniyutapa eningeyutapa ningeyutapa
Class 1 uyotapa oyotapa eyotapa akayutapa ongeyutapa engeyutapa
Class 2 bayotapa abayotapa beyotapa abayutapa abangeyutapa bengeyutapa
Class 3 uyotapa oyotapa uyotapa awuyutapa ongeyutapa ungeyutapa
Class 4 iyotapa eyotapa iyotapa ayiyutapa engeyutapa ingeyutapa
Class 5 liyotapa eliyotapa liyotapa aliyutapa elingeyutapa lingeyutapa
Class 6 ayotapa ayotapa eyotapa awayutapa angeyutapa engeyutapa
Class 7 siyotapa esiyotapa siyotapa asiyutapa esingeyutapa singeyutapa
Class 8 ziyotapa eziyotapa ziyotapa aziyutapa ezingeyutapa zingeyutapa
Class 9 iyotapa eyotapa iyotapa ayiyutapa engeyutapa ingeyutapa
Class 10 ziyotapa eziyotapa ziyotapa aziyutapa ezingeyutapa zingeyutapa
Class 11 luyotapa oluyotapa luyotapa aluyutapa olungeyutapa lungeyutapa
Class 14 buyotapa obuyotapa buyotapa abuyutapa obungeyutapa bungeyutapa
Class 15 kuyotapa okuyotapa kuyotapa akuyutapa okungeyutapa kungeyutapa
Class 17 kuyotapa okuyotapa kuyotapa akuyutapa okungeyutapa kungeyutapa
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngitape ngingatapi
2nd singular utape ungatapi
1st plural sitape singatapi
2nd plural nitape ningatapi
Class 1 atape angatapi
Class 2 batape bangatapi
Class 3 utape ungatapi
Class 4 itape ingatapi
Class 5 litape lingatapi
Class 6 atape angatapi
Class 7 sitape singatapi
Class 8 zitape zingatapi
Class 9 itape ingatapi
Class 10 zitape zingatapi
Class 11 lutape lungatapi
Class 14 butape bungatapi
Class 15 kutape kungatapi
Class 17 kutape kungatapi
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngatapa ngangatapa, angatapa, angangatapa
2nd singular watapa wangatapa, awatapa, awangatapa
1st plural satapa sangatapa, asatapa, asangatapa
2nd plural natapa nangatapa, anatapa, anangatapa
Class 1 watapa wangatapa, akatapa, akangatapa
Class 2 batapa bangatapa, abatapa, abangatapa
Class 3 watapa wangatapa, awatapa, awangatapa
Class 4 yatapa yangatapa, ayatapa, ayangatapa
Class 5 latapa langatapa, alatapa, alangatapa
Class 6 atapa angatapa, awatapa, awangatapa
Class 7 satapa sangatapa, asatapa, asangatapa
Class 8 zatapa zangatapa, azatapa, azangatapa
Class 9 yatapa yangatapa, ayatapa, ayangatapa
Class 10 zatapa zangatapa, azatapa, azangatapa
Class 11 lwatapa lwangatapa, alwatapa, alwangatapa
Class 14 batapa bangatapa, abatapa, abangatapa
Class 15 kwatapa kwangatapa, akwatapa, akwangatapa
Class 17 kwatapa kwangatapa, akwatapa, akwangatapa

References