Wali Ahmad (Pashtoولي احمد), known as Sandakai (Mulla), was a religious cleric, and reformer who was influential during the formation of Swat State.[1]
Early life and education
editWali Ahmad was born at Sandakai, Currently Dandai, Besham, Swat.[1] Born into a religious family, he was given religious education locally.[citation needed] He proceeded to Madrasah-i-Deoband for higher studies. He then visited Makkah for the performance of Hajj and travelled to Syria, Baghdad and other centers of Muslim civilization.[citation needed]
Anti British movement
editWali Ahmad returned from abroad and opened a religious school (Madrasah) at Tahkal (Peshawar). In those days Haji Sahib of Turangzai was working against the British. Wali Ahmad was very much inspired by Haji Sahib.[2] He went to Swat, in 1910, and organized the people in Swat and Kohistan against the British.[1][3]
Reformation of society
editWali Ahmad (Sandakai Mullah) was against the aberrations in Islamic customs and rituals prevalent in Swat. So he continued to struggle for the formation of an Islamic government in Swat.[4] He built a force of fifty to sixty shaykhs (disciples) equipped with latest weapons and were ready for every kind of action ordered by their pir (religious leader).[1] He established his own mobile Shari'at Court where he tried to compensate and remove the grievances of people.[3] He declared many prevalent practices such as Qada 'Umri, Iskhat and visiting shrines of saints to be innovations in Islam.[citation needed]
His role in the formation of Swat State
editAt that time, there was no government and central controlling authority in Swat. Wali Ahmad wanted a united government of Swat to eliminate the influence of the Nawab of neighboring Dir. The Khans of Swat supported him. The people of upper Swat, under the command of Sandakai Mullah, defeated the Nawab in 1914, which made the former a political leader.[1] Sandakai Mullah was desirous f having a centralized organization Swat. Thus, Syed Abdul Jabbar Shah of Sithanah was made ruler of Swat in 1915.[5] But he could not managed to protect Swat from the attacks of Nawab of Dir. Sandakai Mullah, who had first brought and made Abdul Jabbar Shah[3] as king in Swat, drove him out and enthroned Miangul Abdul Wadud as the ruler of Swat, thus playing the role of king maker and king breaker.[1]
The fate of Sandakai Mulla
editWith the passage of time, his relations with Miangul Abdul Wadud also became strained. He, again focused his attention on the eradication of innovations and un-Islamic rituals. He re-established his mobile Shari'at Court and executed his orders.[4] The Badshah Sahib considered his presence and influence as serious threat to his power. So he wanted to reduce and diminish his role and influence.[5] Miangul Abdul Wadud sent him his men and threatened him to leave Swat or he will be killed. The Badsha had now become so strong that nobody could challenge him. So, ultimately Sandakai Mullah left Swat in 1920 and settled in Kohan, Dir, where he died a natural death in 1356 A.H. (1937/1938 AD)[1]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f g Khurshid, Khan. "Sandakai Mullah:Career and Role in the formation of Swat State, Pakistan". Swatvalley.net. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
- ^ ecademia.edu (April–June 2008). "Anti Colonial Movement The Struggle of the Haji Sahib of Turangzai to do away with the authority of the British Raj". Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society Karachi. LVI (2): 111–123. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
- ^ a b c Aamir, Riaz (5 July 2009). "Malakand under Siege". Daily Jang Rawalpindi. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
- ^ a b Sultan-e-, Room. "Swat" (PDF). Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies, India. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
- ^ a b "Understanding swat". Dawn .com. 27 September 2008. Retrieved 5 April 2014.