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Villa rustica

Villa rustica (transl. farmhouse or countryside villa) was the term used by the ancient Romans[1][2] to denote a farmhouse or villa set in the countryside and with an agricultural section, which applies to the vast majority of Roman villas. In some cases they were at the centre of a large agricultural estate, sometimes called a latifundium. The adjective rustica was used only to distinguish it from a much rarer sub-urban resort villa, or otium villa built for purely leisure and luxury, and typically located in the Bay of Naples. The villa rustica would thus serve both as a residence of the landowner and his family (and servants) and also as a farm management centre. It would often comprise separate buildings to accommodate farm labourers and sheds and barns for animals and crops.[3][4][5][6][7]

Scale model of a Roman villa rustica. Remains of villas of this type have been found in the vicinity of Valjevo, Serbia.

The villa rustica's design differed, but usually it consisted of two parts; the pars urbana (main house),[8] and the pars rustica (farm area).

List of villae rusticae

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See also: List of Roman villas in Belgium and List of Roman sites in Spain

Austria

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Bosnia-Herzegovina

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Bulgaria

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Italy

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Boscoreale villa
 
Mosaic floor at Villa dei Volusii

Portugal

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Villa of Torre de Palma

Turkey

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United Kingdom

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See also: List of Roman villas in England and List of Roman villas in Wales
 
Orpheus mosaic at Littlecote Roman Villa
 
Ruins of the Villa rustica, Montmaurin

France

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See also: Roman villas in northwestern Gaul

Germany

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Wurmlingen
 
Villa rustica, Haselburg at Höchst i. Odw., Hypocaust of the main building
 
Eschweiler

Baden-Württemberg

Bavaria

Hesse

Northrhine-Westphalia

Rheinland-Palatine

 
Ceiling painting at the Roman villa of Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler

Saarland

Serbia

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Switzerland

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Aargau

Basel-Landschaft

Genf

Jura

Solothurn

Waadt

Zürich

References

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  1. ^ Varro, de Rustica I.11, 13
  2. ^ Columella I.4 § 6
  3. ^ Annalia Marzano: Roman villas in central Italy: a social and economic history. Brill 2007, ISBN 978-90-04-16037-8 (restricted online copy at Google Books)
  4. ^ Alfred Frazer: The Roman villa: villa urbana. UPenn Museum of Archaeology 1998, ISBN 978-0-924171-59-8 (restricted online copy at Google Books)
  5. ^ Alexander Gordon McKay: Houses, villas, and palaces in the Roman world . JHU Press 1998, ISBN 978-0-8018-5904-5 (restricted online copy at Google Books)
  6. ^ John T. Smith: Roman Villas. A Study in Social Structure. Routledge, London, 1997. ISBN 0-415-16719-1
  7. ^ John Percival: The Roman Villa. A Historical Introduction. Batsford, London, 1988 (Paperback)
  8. ^ Pliny, II.17
  9. ^ Die Römer am Wolfartsberg. (Heimatblätter des Heimat- und Kulturvereines Haueneberstein e.V., Nr. 3). haueneberstein.de Archived February 11, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ "Willkommen". www.eigeltingia.de.
  11. ^ Gerhard Hoffmann: Spuren früher Zeiten – Funde und Fundstätten im Landkreis Rastatt. Eine Materialkunde zur Vor und Frühgeschichte. Bestandsaufnahme und Dokumentation. (Sonderveröffentlichungen des Kreisarchivs Rastatt, Band 5). Verlag Regionalkultur, Ubstadt-Weiher u. a. 2007, ISBN 978-3-89735-495-1. (Abstract) Archived March 18, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ gastgeber-hessen.de[permanent dead link‍]
  13. ^ ka.stadtwiki.net
  14. ^ W.M.Werner. "Langenau: villa rustica". www.archaeologie-bw.de.
  15. ^ Geiges, Thomas. "Mühlacker: Römische Villa Rustica in Enzberg". www.muehlacker.de.
  16. ^ "Stadt Nagold - Remigiuskirche". www.nagold.de. Archived from the original on 2016-03-08. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
  17. ^ naturparkschwarzwald.de Archived February 28, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ W.M.Werner. "Villa rustica von Oberndorf-Bochingen". www.archaeologie-bw.de.
  19. ^ "denkmalpflege-bw.de". Archived from the original on 2012-09-18. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
  20. ^ Informationszentrum Naturpark Altmühltal in Trägerschaft des Landkreises Eichstätt. "Römischer Bauernhof". Retrieved 2015-07-05.
  21. ^ "Kohlhunden.html". www.kaluwi.de.
  22. ^ Scheuerer, Kurt. "Römervilla Möckenlohe". www.roemervilla-moeckenlohe.de.
  23. ^ altmuehltal.de Archived February 21, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  24. ^ "Villa Rustica Peiting". Pfaffenwinkel. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-07-05.
  25. ^ Alpenland in Römerhand. "Peiting". Retrieved 2015-06-02.
  26. ^ "Kein Ackerbau über der "Villa rustica" Rodau - Bergsträßer Anzeiger".
  27. ^ roemervilla-blankenheim.de Archived February 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  28. ^ "Grundriß einer römischen Villa Rustica, Sarresdorf, Gerolstein, Gerolstein - Datenbank der Kulturgüter in der Region Trier". www.roscheiderhof.de.
  29. ^ "Herzlich willkommen - Pfälzer Bergland". kuseler-musikantenland.de. Archived from the original on 2012-07-11.
  30. ^ Rimski lokaliteti valjevskog kraja Archived April 16, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
  31. ^ Horisberger, Beat; Hedinger, Bettina; Hoek, Florian; Büsser, Roger (2007). Römisches Landleben im Zürcher Oberland - Die Römer in Wetzikon (in German). Frauenfeld, Stuttgart, Wien: Verlag Huber. ISBN 978-3-7193-1441-5.
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