Velika Kladuša[1] (Serbian Cyrillic: Велика Кладуша, pronounced [ʋêlikaː klǎduʃa]; lit. "Great Kladuša") is a town and municipality located in the Una-Sana Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated in the far northwest of Bosnia and Herzegovina, located on the border with Croatia. As of 2013, it has a population of 40,419 inhabitants.
Velika Kladuša
Велика Кладуша | |
|---|---|
Town and municipality | |
 Castle in Velika Kladuša | |
 Flag  Seal | |
 Location of Velika Kladuša within Bosnia and Herzegovina. | |
  Velika Kladuša | |
| Coordinates: 45°11′N 15°48′E / 45.183°N 15.800°E | |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Canton | Una-Sana Canton |
| Geographical region | Bosanska Krajina |
| Government | |
| • Municipal mayor | Boris Horvat (Ind.) |
| Area | |
| • Town and municipality | 331 km2 (128 sq mi) |
| Population (2013 census) | |
| • Urban | 4,520 |
| • Municipality | 40,419 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| ZIP code | 77230 |
| Area code | +387 37 |
| Website | www |
History
editVelika Kladuša was first mentioned by name on October 30, 1280 (date on its shield) by the name Cladosa under the rule of King Ladislaus IV of Hungary. During the era of the Byzantine Empire it is assumed that the population of the town started to slowly grow. Towards the end of the 13th century up to 1464, Velika Kladuša was controlled by the Croatian noble families of Babonić, Frankopan, Šubić and Tuz de Lak.[2]
Around 1464 the Ottoman Empire was expanding towards this region. The town was raided in 1558, then captured in 1633 by the Ottoman Empire. After the Ottoman conquest, Islamization of the hitherto Christian region began and much of the local population converted to Islam. Velika Kladuša would later become the center of Ottoman expansion into neighboring Croatia as well as the rest of Europe. At the start of the occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1878, Velika Kladuša along with others in the region, put up the biggest resistance in the region. Nevertheless, it developed with the opening of schools, the introduction of land register books, and the construction of a mosque and a catholic church.
World War II and Socialist Yugoslavia
editDuring World War II the region of Velika Kladuša fought on the side of the Yugoslav Partisans. At one point the town switched alliances and allowed the Nazis to occupy it, but this was planned out with the Partisans, because they then surprised the Nazis by jointly attacking them. The people in this region were always strong supporters of Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito and communism.[citation needed] In late July 1941, Velika Kladuša and its surroundings became the site of a massacre of around 4,000 Serb civilians by the Croatian Ustaše, under the Ičungar Hill where anti-tank trenches were situated.[3]
In May 1950, Velika Kladuša was the scene of a major peasant revolt when the Cazin uprising, an armed anti-state rebellion, occurred. The event mostly affected neighboring Cazin, as well as Slunj, which were all part of Communist Yugoslavia at the time.[4] The peasants revolted against the forced collectivization and collective farms by the Yugoslav government. Following a drought in 1949, the peasants of Yugoslavia were unable to meet unrealistic quotas set by their government and were punished. The revolt that followed the drought resulted in the killings and persecution of those who organized the uprising, but also many innocent civilians.[5][6] It was the only peasant rebellion in the history of Cold War Europe.[7]
Agrokomerc
editIn the era of Yugoslav socialism the town became the headquarters of Agrokomerc, one of the biggest food companies in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The company started as a single food producing farm and grew to an estimated 13,000 employees at its peak of production.[8] Agrokomerc turned Velika Kladuša and the surrounding areas into one of the richest municipalities.[9]
Yugoslav Wars and the post-war years
editDuring the war in Yugoslavia, Agrokomerc still continued to operate as it produced all types of food bound for Zagreb, Belgrade and other places. During the Bosnian War (1992–1995), the town was the capital of the self-declared Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia. The seat of the government was at the Stari Grad Castle, which had defense forces guarding it throughout the day and night. The city itself did not suffer much damage as it was mostly spared of major fighting. Following the end of the Bosnian War, the town was the home of a Czech helicopter unit and Canadian Forces NATO camp supporting the IFOR and SFOR peacemaking missions from 1995 to 2004.[10][11][12]
Demographics
edit2013
editAccording to the 2013 census the municipality of Velika Kladuša had 40,419 residents, including:
- 32,561 Bosniaks (80.56%)
- 4,781 Bosnians (11.83%)
- 1,366 Muslims (3.38%)
- 636 Croats (1.57%)
- 146 Serbs (0.36%)
Religion
editAccording to the 2013 census, the religious makeup of Velika Kladuša includes:
Sports
editLocal football club Krajišnik have spent a few seasons in the second tier of Bosnia and Herzegovina's football pyramid.
Notable people
edit- Baggio Husidić, footballer
- Husein Miljković, military commander
- Fikret Abdić, former mayor
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Velika Kladuša". Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography. 2021. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
- ^ "Tuz de Lak". Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography. 2021. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
- ^ Tomic, Yves (7 June 2010). "Massacres in Dismembered Yugoslavia, 1941-1945". sciencespo.fr. Mass Violence and Resistance Research Network. Archived from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
- ^ "CAZINSKA BUNA 1950: Danas se navršavaju 62 godine od ustanka u Krajini". Cazin. 6 May 2012. Archived from the original on 9 June 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
- ^ "Klanjana kolektivna dženaza žrtvama Cazinske bune iz 1950. godine". Haber. 11 May 2012. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
- ^ "Vera Kržišnik Bukić i Cazinska buna". Radio Sarajevo. 4 May 2012. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
- ^ Mueller, Andrew (2010). Rock and Hard Places: Travels to Backstages, Frontlines and Assorted Sideshows. ISBN 9781593763794. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
- ^ The Destruction of Yugoslavia: Tracking the Break-up 1980-92. Verso Books. 1993. p. 111. ISBN 9780860915935.
- ^ Sasso, Alfredo (8 November 2016). "Founder of Agrokomerc, sentenced to 10 years for war crimes, Fikret Abdić, the new mayor of his hometown Velika Kladuša, visited Sarajevo after 23 years to officialize his new position". www.balcanicaucaso.org.
- ^ "Czech the News: Newsletter of the Embassy of the Czech Republic". Czech Embassy. 1995.
- ^ Callaghan, Jean; Schönborn, Mathias (2004). Warriors in Peacekeeping: Points of Tension in Complex Cultural Encounters ; a Comparative Study Based on Experiences in Bosnia. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 54. ISBN 9783825851729.
- ^ Skaarup, Harold A. (2005). Out of Darkness-Light: A History of Canadian Military Intelligence. p. 383. ISBN 9780595803828.