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Not to be confused with Guanling biota.
Guanling Formation
Stratigraphic range: early-mid Anisian (Pelsonian)
~247–245 Ma
↓
TypeGeological formation
UnderliesYangliujing Formation
OverliesJialingjiang Formation
Lithology
PrimaryMudstone, limestone
OtherDolomite
Location
Coordinates25°30′N 104°54′E / 25.5°N 104.9°E / 25.5; 104.9
Approximate paleocoordinates11°42′N 94°12′E / 11.7°N 94.2°E / 11.7; 94.2
RegionGuizhou & Yunnan Provinces
Country China
ExtentYunnan–Guizhou Plateau
VidaxTheSchmunguss/sandbox is located in China
VidaxTheSchmunguss/sandbox
VidaxTheSchmunguss/sandbox (China)
VidaxTheSchmunguss/sandbox is located in Guizhou
VidaxTheSchmunguss/sandbox
VidaxTheSchmunguss/sandbox (Guizhou)

The Guanling Formation is a Middle Triassic (Anisian or Pelsonian in the regional chronostratigraphy) geologic formation in southwestern China.

Geology

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The formation encompasses two members. The first member is primarily calcareous mudstone and dolomite, indicative of a coastal environment. The second member is a thicker marine sequence of dark micritic limestone with some dolomite. Two distinct fossil assemblages are found in the second member. The older Luoping biota preserves abundant arthropods along with fossils from other invertebrates and vertebrates, which are rare but well-preserved. The slightly younger Panxian biota has a more diverse and common assortment of marine reptiles such as sauropterygians.[1]

A tuff bed in the Luoping biota has been dated to 244.5 ± 2.2 Ma via U-Pb SHRIMP dating. The Luoping biota as a whole was deposited over a period of 340 ± 71 kyr. This estimate is justified by cyclostratigraphic evidence, as indicated by fluctuations of terrestrial proxy metals.[2]

Fossil content

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Among others, the following fossils were reported from the formation:

Reptiles

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Ichthyopterygia

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Ichthyosauria
Genus Species Member/Biota Notes Image
Barracudasauroides[3] B. panxianensis Upper Member; Panxian biota[3][1] A small mixosaurid ichthyosaur, either a member of its own genus[4] or a species of Mixosaurus[1].
 
B. cf. panxianensis Upper Member; Luoping biota[1] A small mixosaurid ichthyosaur, simmilar to the slightly younger B. panxianensis.
Phalarodon[5][6] P. cf. fraasi[5] Upper Member; Panxian biota[1] Known from a skull of a small mixosaurid ichthyosaur with durophagous dentition.
 
P. atavus[6] Upper Member; Luoping biota[1] A small mixosaurid ichthyosaur known from a complete skeleton. Might represent a member of its own genus, Contectopalatus.
 
Xinminosaurus[7] X. catactes Upper Member; Panxian biota[1] A medium-sized early ichthyosaur with durophagous dentition, possibly a member of Cymbospondylidae.

Sauropterygia

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Placodontiformes
Genus Species Member/Biota Notes Image
Atopodentatus[8] A. unicus Upper Member; Luoping biota[8] A bizzare, likely herbivorous[9] sauropterygian with possible placodontiform affinities[10], known from several well-preserved specimens.
 
Placodus[11] P. inexpectatus Upper Member; Panxian biota[11][1] A medium-sized placodontid placodont, known from a complete specimen[11].
 
Saurosphargidae
Genus Species Member/Biota Notes Image
Largocephalosaurus L. polycarpon[12] Upper Member; Luoping biota [12][1] A mid-sized basal saurosphargid sauropterygian.
L. qianensis[13] Upper Member; Panxian biota [13][1] A mid-sized basal saurosphargid sauropterygian.
Sinosaurosphargis[14] S. yunguinensis Upper Member; Luoping and Panxian biota [14][1] A small armoured saurosphargid sauropterygian.
 
Pachypleurosauria
Genus Species Member/Biota Note Image
Panzhousaurus P. rotundirostris Upper Member; Panxian biota A small but robust pachypleurosaur known from several specimens.
Dianmeisaurus D. gracilis Upper Member; Luoping biota A small pachypleurosaur known from a complete skeleton.
D. mutaensis Upper Member A very small pachypleurosaur known froma complete skeleton of a juvenile.
 
Diandongosaurus D. acutidentatus Upper Member; Luoping biota A small pachypleurosaur known from several complete specimens.
D. cf. acutidentatus Upper Member; Luoping biota A medium to large sized pachypleurosaur known from a complete pathological skeleton.
Dianopachysaurus D. dingi Upper Member; Luoping biota A small pachypleurosaur known from an immature specimen.
Dawazisaurus D. brevis Upper Member, Luoping biota A small pachypleurosaur known from a complete specimen.
 
Honghesaurus H. longicaudalis Upper Member, Luoping biota A gracile, long-tailed small pachypleurosaur known from a complete specimen.
 
Luopingosaurus L. imparilis Upper Member, Luoping biota A gracile, long-snouted small pachypleurosaur.
 
Wumengosaurus W. delicatomandibularis Upper Member; Panxian biota A relatively large, long-snouted pachypleurosaur known from multiple specimens.
 
W. rotundicarpus Upper Member; Panxian biota A medium sized, long-snouted pachypleurosaur known froma complete holotype specimen.
Nothosauroidea
Genus Species Member/Biota Note Image
Sanchiaosaurus S. sungi Lower Member A small possible basal nothosauroid known from a single partial specimen.
Lariosaurus L. hongguoensis Upper Member; Panxian biota Example
L. sp. indet. Upper Member; Luoping biota Example
Nothosaurus N. yangjuanensis Upper Member; Panxian biota
N. rostellatus Upper member; Panxian biota Example
N. zhangi Upper Member; Luoping biota Example
N. luopingensis Upper Member, Luoping biota Example
Pistosauroidea
Genus Species Member/Biota Note Image
Chinchenia C. sungi Lower Member A possible small pistosauroid known from fragmentary remains.

Archosauromorpha

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Tanystropheidae
Genus Species Member Note Image
Luxisaurus[15] L. terrestris Upper Member A small tanystropheid archosauromorph, known from partial limbs.
Gracilicollum G. latens Upper Member; Panxian biota A small, long-necked tanystropheid archosauromorph, known from a skull and neck vertebrae.
Dinocephalosauridae
Genus Species Member Note Image
Dinocephalosaurus D. orientalis Upper Member; Panxian biota A large, long-necked dinocephalosaurid archosauromorph, known from several specimens.
 
D. cf. orientalis Upper Member; Luoping biota A large, lock-necked dinocephalosaurid archosauromorph, simmilar to the slightly younger D. orientalis.
 
Pectodens P. zhenyuensis Upper Member; Luoping biota A small, long limbed dinocephalosaurid archosauromorph, known from a complete specimen.
 
Austronaga[16] A. minuta Upper Member; Luoping biota A small dinocephalosaurid archosauromorph, known from a partial skeleton.
Poposauroidea
Genus Species Member Note Image
Qianosuchus Q. mixtus Upper Member; Panxian biota A medium-sized poposauroid pseudosuchian with semi-aquatic adaptations.
 
cf. Qianosuchus cf. Q. sp. indet. Upper Member; Luoping biota A taxon known primarily from teeth.

Osteichthyes

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Benton, Michael J.; Zhang, Qiyue; Hu, Shixue; Chen, Zhong-Qiang; Wen, Wen; Liu, Jun; Huang, Jinyuan; Zhou, Changyong; Xie, Tao; Tong, Jinnan; Choo, Brian (2013-10-01). "Exceptional vertebrate biotas from the Triassic of China, and the expansion of marine ecosystems after the Permo-Triassic mass extinction". Earth-Science Reviews. 125: 199–243. Bibcode:2013ESRv..125..199B. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.05.014. ISSN 0012-8252.
  2. ^ Ma, Zhixin; Wu, Huaichun; Hu, Shixue; Fang, Qiang; Liu, Xiting; Zhou, Changyong; Wen, Wen; Zhang, Qiyue; Huang, Jinyuan; Min, Xiao (2023-09-26). "Temporal duration and preservation mechanism of the Middle Triassic Luoping biota from South China constrained by geochronology and cyclostratigraphy". Global and Planetary Change. 229: 104254. Bibcode:2023GPC...22904254M. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2023.104254. ISSN 0921-8181. S2CID 263214751.
  3. ^ a b Jiang, Da-Yong; Schmitz, Lars; Hao, Wei-Cheng; Sun, Yuan-Lin (March 30, 2006). "A new mixosaurid ichthyosaur from the Middle Triassic of China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 26 (1): 60-69. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[60:ANMIFT]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 4524536. S2CID 55171917.
  4. ^ Maisch, Michael W. (2010). "Phylogeny, systematics, and origin of the Ichthyosauria - the state od the art". Palaeodiversity. 3: 141-214.
  5. ^ a b Jiang, Da-Yong; Lars, Schmitz; Motani, Ryosuke; Hao, Wie-Cheng; Sun, Yuan-Lin (2007). "The Mixosaurid Ichthyosaur Phalarodon cf. P. fraasi from the Middle Triassic of Guizhou Province, China". Journal of Paleontology. 81 (3): 602-605. Bibcode:2007JPal...81..602J. doi:10.1666/05092.1. JSTOR 4498810. S2CID 54761545.
  6. ^ a b Liu, Jun; Motani, Ryosuke; Jiang, Da-Yong; Hu, Shi-Xue; Aitchison, Jonathan C.; Rieppel, Olivier; Benton, Michael J.; Zhang, Qi-Yue; Zhou, Chang-Yong (2013). "The first specimen of the Middle Triassic Phalarodon atavus (Ichthyosauria: Mixosauridae) from South China, showing postcranial anatomy and peri-Tethyan distribution". Palaeontology. 56 (4): 849-866. Bibcode:2013Palgy..56..849L. doi:10.1111/pala.12021.
  7. ^ Jiang, Da-Yong; Motani, Ryosuke; Hao, Wei-Cheng; Schmitz, Lars; Rieppel, Olivier; Sun, Yuan-Lin; Sun, Zuo-Yu (2008). "New primitive ichthyosaurian (Reptilia, Diapsida) from the Middle Triassic of Panxian, Guizhou, southwestern China and its position in the Triassic biotic recovery". Progress in Natural Science. 18 (10): 1315-1319. doi:10.1016/j.pnsc.2008.01.039.
  8. ^ a b Cheng, Long; Chen, Xiao-Hong; Shang, Qing-Hua; Wu, Xiao-Chun (2014). "A new marine reptile from the Triassic of China, with a highly specialized feeding adaptation". Naturwissenschaften. 101 (3): 251–259. Bibcode:2014NW....101..251C. doi:10.1007/s00114-014-1148-4. S2CID 7770583.
  9. ^ Chun, Li; Rieppel, Olivier; Long, Cheng; Fraser, Nicholas C. (2016). "The earliest herbivorous marine reptile and its remarkable jaw apparatus". Science Advances. 2 (5): e1501659. Bibcode:2016SciA....2E1659C. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1501659. PMC 4928886. PMID 27386529.
  10. ^ Wolniewicz, Andrzej S.; Shen, Yuefeng; Li, Qiang; Sun, Yuanyuan; Qiao, Yu; Chen, Yajie; Hu, Yi-Wei; Liu, Jun (2023). "An armoured marine reptile from the Early Triassic of South China and its phylogenetic and evolutionary implications". eLife. 12. doi:10.7554/eLife.83163. PMC 10499374.
  11. ^ a b c Jiang, Da-Yong; Motani, Ryosuke; Hao, Wei-Cheng; Rieppel, Olivier; Sun, Yuan-Lin; Schmitz, Lars; Sun, Zu-Yu (2008). "First Record of Placodontoidea (Reptilia, Sauropterygia, Placodontia) from the Eastern Tethys". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 28 (3): 904-908. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[904:FROPRS]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 20491013. S2CID 9784064.
  12. ^ a b Cheng, Long; Chen, Xiahong; Zeng, Xiongwei; Cai, Yongjian (2012). "A new eosauropterygian (Diapsida: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of Luoping, Yunnan Province". Journal of Earth Science. 23: 33–40.
  13. ^ a b Li, Chun; Jiang, Da-Yong; Cheng, Long; Wu, Xiao-Chun; Rieppel, Olivier (2014). "A new species of Largocephalosaurus (Diapsida: Saurosphargidae), with implications for the morphological diversity and phylogeny of the group". Geological Magazine. 151 (1): 100-120. doi:10.1017/S001675681300023X.
  14. ^ a b Li, Chun; Rieppel, Olivier; Wu, Xiao-Chun; Zhao, Li-Jun; Wang, Li-Ting (2011). "A new Triassic marine reptile from southwestern China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (2): 303-312. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.550368.
  15. ^ Lu, Yu-Ting; Liu, Jun (2023-10-02). "A new tanystropheid (Diapsida: Archosauromorpha) from the Middle Triassic of SW China and the biogeographical origin of Tanystropheidae". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 21 (1). Bibcode:2023JSPal..2150778L. doi:10.1080/14772019.2023.2250778. ISSN 1477-2019. S2CID 263634664.
  16. ^ Wang, W.; Lei, H.; Li, C. (2023). "A small-sized dinocephalosaurid archosauromorph from the Middle Triassic of Yunnan, southwestern China". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 62 (1): 13. doi:10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.231013.

Category:Geologic formations of China Category:Triassic System of Asia Category:Triassic China Category:Limestone formations Category:Dolomite formations Category:Mudstone formations Category:Lagoonal deposits Category:Deep marine deposits Category:Open marine deposits Category:Shallow marine deposits

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