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A. J. Ayer (1910-1989)
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A. John Simmons (1950)
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Adam Ferguson (1723-1816)
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Al-Biruni (973-1050)
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Al-Kindi (801-873 AD)
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Alasdair MacIntyre (1929)
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Alice Crary (1967)
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Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937)
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Anthony Kenny (1931)
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Arne Næss (1912-2009)
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Arnold J. Toynbee (1889-1975)
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Arthur Oncken Lovejoy (1873-1962)
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Augustine of Hippo (354-430 AD)
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Ayn Rand (1905-1982)
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Axel Honneth (1949)
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Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677)
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Bernard Bolzano (1781-1848)
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Bernard Mandeville (1670-1733)
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Bernard Williams (1929-2003)
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Bracha L. Ettinger (1948)
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Bruno Latour (1947)
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Bryan W. Van Norden (1962)
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Carl von Clausewitz (1780-1831)
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Carl Gustav Hempel (1905-1977)
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Carl Schmitt (1888-1985)
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Carol Gilligan (1936)
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Chantal Mouffe (1943)
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Charler Taylor (1931)
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Christian Wolff (1679-1754)
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Christina Hoff Sommers (1950)
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Christine de Pizan (1364-1430)
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Cornelius Castoriadis (1922-1997)
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Daniel Dennett (1942)
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Damaris Cudworth Masham (1659-1708)
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David Malet Armstrong (1926-2014)
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David Gauthier (1932)
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David Lewis (1941-2001)
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Denis Diderot (1713-1784)
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Diogenes (412 BC-525 BC)
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Donald Davidson (1917-2003)
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Donna Haraway (1944)
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Edmund Burke (1729-1797)
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Edward Said (1935-2003)
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Elizabeth Grosz (1952)
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Elisabeth of the Palatinate (1618-1680)
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Emanuel Swedenborg (1688-1772)
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Emil Cioran (1911-1995)
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Emmanuel Levinas (1905-1995)
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Empedocles (494 BC-432 BC)
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Erasmus (1466-1536)
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Erich Fromm (1900-1980)
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Ernst Bloch (1885-1977)
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Ernst Cassirer (1874-1945)
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Ernest Renan (1823-1892)
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Ferdinand Tönnies (1855-1936)
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Frank P. Ramsey (1903-1930)
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Frantz Fanon (1925-1961)
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Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
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Francisco Suárez (1548-1617)
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Franz Rosenzweig (1886-1929)
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Fredric Jameson (1934)
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Friedrich Hayek (1899-1992)
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Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (1775-1854)
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Friedrich Schiller (1759-1805)
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Friedrich Schlegel (1772-1829)
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Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768-1834)
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G. A. Cohen (1941-2009)
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G. E. Moore (1873-1958)
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Galen Strawson (1952)
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Gaston Bachelard (1884-1962)
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Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (1942)
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George Lakoff (1941)
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George Herbert Mead (1863-1931)
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George Santayana (1863-1952)
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Georges Bataille (1897-1962)
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Georges Sorel (1847-1922)
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Giambattista Vico (1668-1744)
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Gilbert Ryle (1900-1976)
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Giordano Bruno (1548-1600)
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Giorgio Agamben (1942)
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Guy Debord (1931-1994)
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György Lukács (1885-1971)
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H. L. A. Hart (1907-1992)
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Hannah Arendt (1906-1975)
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Hans Blumenberg (1920-1996)
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Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900-2002)
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Heinrich Rickert (1863-1936)
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Helen Longino (1944)
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Henri de Saint-Simon (1760-1825)
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Henry Cavendish (1731-1810)
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Henry S. Richardson (20th Century)
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Henry Sidgwick (1838-1900)
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Henry David Thoreau (1817)
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Herbert Marcuse (1898-1979)
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Herbert Spencer (1820-1903)
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Hélène Cixous (1937)
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Hilary Putnam (1926-2016)
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Hubert Dreyfus (1929-2017)
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Hypatia (360 AD-415 AD)
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Ian Hacking (1936)
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Iris Murdoch (1919-1999)
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Iris Marion Young (1949-2006)
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Jack Halberstam (1961)
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Jacques Lacan (1901-1981)
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Jan Łukasiewicz (1878-1956)
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James Tully (1946)
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Jason Brennan (1979)
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Jay L. Garfield (1955)
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Jean Baudrillard (1929-2007)
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Jean-François Lyotard (1924-1998)
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Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832)
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Jerry Fodor (1935-2017)
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Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762-1814)
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Johann Friedrich Herbart (1776-1841)
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Johann Heinrich Lambert (1728-1777)
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John Searle (1932)
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Joseph Raz (1939)
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Juan Luis Vives (1493-1540)
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Julia Kristeva (1941)
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Karen Barad (1956)
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Kit Fine (1946)
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Kwame Anthony Appiah (1954)
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Larry Laudan (1941)
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Lev Shestov (1866-1938)
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Levi Bryant (20th Century)
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Li Zhi (1527-1602)
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Louis Althusser (1918-1990)
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Luce Irigaray (1930)
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Maarten Boudry (1984)
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Marie de Gournay (1565-1645)
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Mark Johnson (1949)
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Marquis de Sade (1740-1814)
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Marshall McLuhan (1911-1980)
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Martin Gardner (1914-2010)
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Martha Nussbaum (1947)
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Martin Buber (1878-1965)
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Masahiro Morioka (1958)
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Maurice Blanchot (1907-2003)
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Max Horkheimer (1895-1973)
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Max Scheler (1874-1928)
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Meister Eckhart (1260-1328)
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Mencius (372 BC-289 BC)
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Michael Devitt (1938)
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Michael J. Sandel (1953)
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Michael Walzer (1935)
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Mikhail Bakhtin (1895-1975)
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Monique Wittig (1935-2003)
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Moritz Schlick (1882-1936)
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Nancy Fraser (1947)
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Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527)
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Nick Bostrom (1973)
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Nicolas Malebranche (1638-1715)
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Noam Chomsky (1928)
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Norbert Wiener (1894-1964)
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Oswald Spengler (1880-1936)
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P. F. Strawson (1919-2006)
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Paul Ricœur (1913-2005)
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Peter Kropotkin (1842-1921)
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Peter Sloterdijk (1947)
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Peter Singer (1946)
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Petrarch (1304-1374)
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Philippe Van Parijs (1951)
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Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809-1865)
-
Pierre Bayle (1647-1706)
-
Pierre Hadot (1922-2010)
-
Raymond Williams (1921-1988)
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Reiner Schürmann (1941-1993)
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René Girard (1923-2015)
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Richard Rorty (1931-2007)
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Robert Boyle (1627-1691)
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Robert Kane (1938)
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Robert Paul Wolff (1933)
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Roderick Chisholm (1916-1999)
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Roland Barthes (1915-1980)
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Ronald Dworkin (1931-2013)
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Rosi Braidotti (1954)
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Rudolf Carnap (1891-1970)
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Rudolf Otto (1869-1937)
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Sam Harris (1967)
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Sandra Harding (1935)
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Shang Yang (390-338 BCE)
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Slavoj Žižek (1949)
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Stanley Cavell (1926-2018)
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Stathis Psillos (1965)
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Stephen Darwall (1946)
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Susan Sontag (1933-2004)
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Susan R. Wolf (1952)
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Susanne Langer (1895-1985)
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T. M. Scanlon (1940)
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Thomas Bayes (1701-1761)
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Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881)
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Thomas More (1478-1535)
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Thomas Nagel (1937)
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Thomas Paine (1737-1809)
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Thomas Pogge (1953)
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Thomas Reid (1710-1796)
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Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923)
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Virginia Held (1929)
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Vladimir Solovyov (1853-1900)
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Walter Benjamin (1892-1940)
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Wilfrid Sellars (1912-1989)
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Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835)
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Zeno of Citium (334-262 BC)
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Zhu Xi (1130-2000)
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Zhuang Zhou (369-289 BC)
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Wang Chong (27-100 AD)
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Wang Yangming (1472-1529)
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Wilhelm Dilthey (1833-1911)
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Yang Zhu (440-360 BC)
