The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Maputo, Mozambique (until 1976 known as Lourenço Marques).
Prior to 20th century
edit- 1544 - Portuguese Lourenço Marques explores Maputo Bay.
- 1787 - Fortress built by Portuguese.[1]
- 1885 - Vasco de Gama Gardens laid out.[citation needed]
- 1892 - O Commercio de Lourenço Marques begins publication.[2]
- 1895 - Pretoria-Lourenço Marques railway built.
- 1898 - Capital of Portuguese Mozambique moves to Lourenço Marques from the Island of Mozambique.[3][4]
20th century
edit- 1904
- 1912 - Population: 13,353.[6]
- 1916 - Central Train Station built.
- 1918 - O Brado Africano begins publication.[2]
- 1922 - Hotel Polano built.[citation needed]
- 1934 - Arquivo Historico de Moçambique headquartered in city.[7][8][9]
- 1935 - Population: 47,390 (estimate).[10]
- 1940 - Maputo Airport terminal built.[citation needed]
- 1944 - Cathedral of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception built.
- 1950 - Population: 93,516.[11]
- 1955 - Sport Lourenço Marques e Benfica formed.
- 1958 - Mozambique Grand Prix was held for the first time.
- 1961 - National Library of Mozambique established.[9]
- 1962 - Estudos Gerais Universitários de Moçambique established.
- 1968 - Estádio Salazar inaugurated in Matola.
1970s-1990s
edit- 1970
- 1974 - 24 September: Mozambique Liberation Front in power.[3]
- 1974 - Alberto Massavanhane designated by FRELIMO as the first President of the Executive Council
- 1975 - City becomes part of the People's Republic of Mozambique.
- 1976
- 3 February: City renamed "Maputo."[13]
- Nationalization occurs.[3]
- 1977
- Bank of Mozambique, Mozambican Youth Organisation, and Centro Nacional de Documentação e Informação de Moçambique headquartered in city.[9]
- February: City hosts African Conference on Cinema.[13]
- 1978 - City administration by "Câmara Municipal" (city council) replaced by "Conselho Executivo" (executive council).[3]
- 1980
- City granted provincial status.[3]
- António Hama Thay becomes president of city executive council.
- 1982 - Gaspar Horácio Mateus Zimba becomes president of city executive council.
- 1983
- 1985 - City joins the newly formed União das Cidades Capitais Luso-Afro-Américo-Asiáticas.
- 1987
- 7 September: Prisoner exchange.[15]
- João Baptista Cosme becomes president of city executive council.
- 1989 - Brazilian Cultural Center opens.
- 1990
- Liga Muçulmana de Maputo football club founded.
- Population: 776,000 (urban agglomeration).[16]
- 1993 - Fórum Mulher founded.[17]
- 1996
- Maputo Development Corridor launched.[18]
- Instituto Camões-Centro Cultural Português opens.[19]
- 1997
- Artur Hussene Canana becomes president of city executive council.
- Population: 966,837.[20]
- 2000
- Flood.
- July: City hosts Community of Portuguese Language Countries summit.[21]
- Population: 1,096,000 (urban agglomeration).[16]
21st century
edit- 2003
- Maputo Port Development Company established.
- July: City hosts African Union assembly.[22]
- Eneas da Conceição Comiche becomes president of municipal council.
- 2006 - Dockanema film festival begins.
- 2007
- Promaputo city infrastructure project launched.
- 22 March: Arms depot explosion.
- Population: 1,111,638 (city);[23] 1,766,184 (urban agglomeration).[24]
- 2008 - February: Economic riots.[25]
- 2009 - David Simango becomes president of municipal council.
- 2010
- Maputo International Airport terminal opens.[citation needed]
- September: Economic unrest.[26][27]
- 2011
- Estádio do Zimpeto inaugurated.
- September: City hosts 2011 All-Africa Games.
- 2012 - Maputo Private Hospital inaugurated.[citation needed]
- 2013 - Aga Khan Academy established.[28]
- 2015 - Population: 1,241,702 (estimate).[29]
- 2017 - 2017 Lusophony Games to be held in Maputo.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ El-Khawas 2003.
- ^ a b "Maputo (Mozambique) Newspapers". WorldCat. US: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
- ^ a b c d e Grest 1995.
- ^ "Mozambique Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
- ^ a b Brown 1906.
- ^ United States. Hydrographic Office. (1916), Africa Pilot: South and East Coasts, Govt. Print. Off., OCLC 20138064
- ^ Arquivo Histórico de Moçambique. "Sobre nos" (in Portuguese). Universidade Eduardo Mondlane. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
- ^ Gerhard Liesegang (2000). "The Arquivo Historico de Moçambique and Historical Research in Maputo". History in Africa. 27: 471–477. doi:10.2307/3172128. JSTOR 3172128. S2CID 161743314.
- ^ a b c World Guide to Libraries (25th ed.), De Gruyter Saur, 2011, ISBN 9783110230710
- ^ Webster's Geographical Dictionary, US: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, OL 5812502M
- ^ "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
- ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b c Jacqueline A. Kalley; et al. (1999), Southern African political history: a chronology of key political events from independence to mid-1997, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, ISBN 0313302472
- ^ "Mozambique ousts jobless from cities", New York Times, 1 October 1983,
Operation Production
- ^ "An intricate prisoner exchange takes place in Maputo, Mozambique". South African History Online. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
- ^ a b "The State of African Cities 2010: Governance, Inequalities and Urban Land Markets". United Nations Human Settlements Programme. 2010. Archived from the original on 2013-06-17.
- ^ "Mozambique". Africa South of the Sahara. US: Stanford University. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
- ^ Söderbaum 2001.
- ^ "O Instituto Camões- Centro Cultural Português em Maputo" (in Portuguese). Instituto Camões em Moçambique. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
- ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012.
- ^ "Conferência de Maputo" (in Portuguese). Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
- ^ "Maputo, 10 - 12 July 2003 - Assembly of the African Union the Second Ordinary Session". African Union.
- ^ "Indicadores Sócio Demográficos Maputo Cidade 2007". Instituto Nacional de Estatística. Retrieved 2016-09-15.
- ^ "Quadros do 3° Censo Geral da População e Habitação 2007". Instituto Nacional de Estatística. Retrieved 2010-12-23.
- ^ African Economic Outlook 2009, African Development Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, 2009-12-04, ISBN 9789264076181
- ^ "Mozambique 2012", African Economic Outlook, African Development Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, archived from the original on 27 April 2012
- ^ Joseph Hanlon (2011). "Mozambique". In Andreas Mehler; et al. (eds.). Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2010. Koninklijke Brill. pp. 483+. ISBN 978-90-04-20556-7.
- ^ "Aga Khan Academy, Maputo". Retrieved 19 May 2013.
- ^ "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations
- This article incorporates information from the Portuguese Wikipedia.
Bibliography
editPublished in 19th century
edit- "Lourenço Marques". Elementos para um diccionario chorographico da provincia de Mozambique (in Portuguese). Lisboa: Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa. 1889.
- "Water-Gate of the Transvaal". Chambers' Journal. London. 1895.
Published in 20th century
edit- A. Samler Brown; G. Gordon Brown, eds. (1906), "Lourenço Marques", Guide to South Africa (14th ed.), London: Sampson, Low, Marston & Co.
- "Lorenzo Marquez". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German) (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1908.
- "Lourenço Marques, Portuguese East Africa". International Directory of Buyers and Sellers. Chicago: International Trade Developer Inc. 1922.
- António Rita-Ferreira (1968). "Os Africanos de Lourenço Marques". Memórias do Instituto de Investigação Científica de Moçambique (in Portuguese). 9: 165–222. ISSN 0076-1184.
Série C
- Jeanne Penvenne (1979), Forced labor and the origin of an African working class: Lourenço Marques, 1870-1962, Brookline, Massachusetts: Boston University African Studies Center
- Carlos Alberto Medeiros [in German] (1980). "Maputo antes da independência, Geografia de uma cidade colonial". Finisterra (in Portuguese). 15 (30). Centro de Estudos Geográficos da Universidade de Lisboa. doi:10.18055/Finis2209. ISSN 0430-5027.
- E. Medeiros (1989). "L'evolution Demographique de la Ville de Lourenco Marques (1894-1975)". In M. Cahen (ed.). Bourgs et Villes en Afrique Lusophone (in French).
- M. C. Mendes (1989). "Les repercussions de l'independence sur la ville de Maputo". In M. Cahen (ed.). Bourgs et Villes en Afrique Lusophone (in French).
- Jeremy Grest (1995). "Urban Management, Local Government Reform and the Democratisation Process in Mozambique: Maputo City 1975-1990". Journal of Southern African Studies. 21 (1): 147–164. doi:10.1080/03057079508708438. JSTOR 2637336.
- Jeanne Marie Penvenne (1995). African workers and colonial racism: Mozambican strategies and struggles in Lourenço Marques, 1877-1962. London: James Currey. ISBN 0435089528.
- JoAnn McGregor (1998). "Violence and Social Change in a Border Economy: War in the Maputo Hinterland, 1984-1992". Journal of Southern African Studies. 24.
- Paul Jenkins (1999), Maputo city: The historical roots of under-development and the consequences in urban form, Edinburgh College of Art/Heriot-Watt University, School of Planning and Housing, OCLC 42874930,
Research paper n°71
Published in 21st century
edit- Fredrik Söderbaum; Ian Taylor (2001). "Transmission Belt for Transnational Capital or Facilitator for Development? Problematising the Role of the State in the Maputo Development Corridor". Journal of Modern African Studies. 39.
- Jeanne-Marie Penvenne (2002). "'A xikomo xa lomu, iku tira': Citadines africaines à Lourenço Marques (Mozambique), 1945-1975". Le Mouvement social (in French) (204). Paris. doi:10.3917/lms.204.0081 – via Cairn.info.
- M.A. El-Khawas (2003). "Maputo, Mozambique". In Dickson Eyoh; Paul Tiyambe Zeleza (eds.). Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History. Routledge. ISBN 0415234794.
- Kwame Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates, ed. (2005). "Maputo". Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 726+. ISBN 978-0-19-517055-9.
- Kevin Shillington, ed. (2005). "Maputo". Encyclopedia of African History. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6.
- Illegitimacy of Democracy? Democratisation and Alienation in Maputo, Mozambique, London: Crisis States Research Centre, 2007 – via International Relations and Security Network
- Nationalism, Urban Poverty and Identity in Maputo, Mozambique, London: Crisis States Research Centre, 2010 – via International Relations and Security Network
- P. Jenkins (2011), Simon Bekker and Goran Therborn (ed.), "Maputo and Luanda", Capital Cities in Africa: Power and Powerlessness, Dakar: Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa, ISBN 978-2-8697-8495-6
- Paulo Tormenta Pinto & Ana Vaz Milheiro (2012), From Monumentality To Diversity – Maputo Between The Urban Plans Of Aguiar & Azevedo (1950—1970) – via International Planning History Society
- Carlos Nunes Silva, ed. (2015). Urban Planning in Lusophone African Countries. UK: Ashgate. ISBN 978-1472444882. (Includes articles about Maputo)
- Vanessa de Pacheco Melo (2016). "Production of Urban Peripheries For and By Low-Income Populations at the Turn of the Millennium: Maputo, Luanda and Johannesburg". Journal of Southern African Studies. 42 (4).
- Sandra Roque; et al. (2016). "Subúrbios and Cityness: Exploring Imbrications and Urbanity in Maputo, Mozambique". Journal of Southern African Studies. 42 (4).
External links
editWikimedia Commons has media related to Maputo.
- "(Maputo)". Directory of Open Access Journals. UK. (Bibliography of open access articles)
- "(Maputo)" – via Europeana. (Images, etc.)
- "(Maputo)" – via Digital Public Library of America. (Images, etc.)
- "(Maputo)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany: Frankfurt University Library. (Bibliography)
- "(Maputo)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre. (Bibliography)
- "(Maputo)". AfricaBib.org. (Bibliography)
- "Maputo, Mozambique". BlackPast.org. US.