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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2011}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2010}}
'''Pablo Fanque''' (born '''William Darby''' 30 March 1810 in [[Norwich]],<ref name="Gretchen Holrook Gerzina 2003">Gretchen Holrook Gerzina, Editor, "Black Victorians-Black Victoriana" (Rutgers University Press: New Brunswick, NJ, 2003)</ref> [[England]]; died 4 May 1871 in [[Stockport]], England) was an English equestrian performer and circus proprietor, the first [[non-white]] British [[circus]] owner in [[United Kingdom|Britain]]. His circus was the most popular in Victorian Britain for 30 years,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://curate.tumblr.com/post/406315807/the-essays-in-black-victorians-black-victoriana |title=The essays in Black Victorians/Black Victoriana... - curate |publisher=Curate.tumblr.com |date=22 February 2010 |accessdate=2011-04-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fairsarefun.net/html/picture.aspx?id=49&f=133,134,49,136,137,280,48,279,281,282 |title=Picture Peep behind the scenes |publisher=Fairsarefun.net |date=6 January 1990 |accessdate=2011-04-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110821134607/http://www.fairsarefun.net/html/picture.aspx?id=49&f=133,134,49,136,137,280,48,279,281,282 |archivedate=21 August 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="chrishobbs1">{{cite web|url=http://www.chrishobbs.com/sheffield/hendersons.htm |title=The Hendersons Were Not There (and neither was Mr Kite)- Sheffield 1848 |publisher=Chrishobbs.com |date=28 March 1914 |accessdate=2011-04-09}}</ref> a period that is regarded as the golden age of the circus.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fairsarefun.net/html/icon.aspx?id=27&p=4 |title=19th century Circus Peep behind the scenes |publisher=Fairsarefun.net |date=6 January 1990 |accessdate=2011-04-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311203000/http://www.fairsarefun.net/html/icon.aspx?id=27&p=4 |archivedate=11 March 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
Since the late 20th century, Pablo Fanque has been best known from being mentioned in [[The Beatles]] song "[[Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!]]" on their album ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'' (1967).
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Little is known about Pablo Fanque's early life. Church records suggest that he was born in 1810, one of at least five children born to John and Mary Darby (née Stamp) of [[Norwich]].<ref name="chrishobbs1"/> They were believed to have resided in Ber Street.<ref name="broadlandmemories1">{{cite web|url=http://www.broadlandmemories.co.uk/blog/2011/02/the-hendersons-will-all-be-there/|title=The Hendersons will all be there...|publisher=Broadlandmemories.co.uk|date=6 February 2011|accessdate=2011-04-09}}</ref> When Fanque married in 1848, he said his late father's occupation was "butler" on his marriage certificate.<ref name="chrishobbs1"/>
Dr. John M. Turner speculates in his 2003 biography of Fanque that "his father was Indian-born and had been brought to the [[port of Norwich]] and trained as a house servant."<ref name="h-net1">{{cite web|url=http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=8797|title=H-Net Reviews|publisher=H-net.org|date=January 2004|accessdate=2011-04-09}}</ref> Fanque was reportedly orphaned at a young age.<ref name=hundred>{{cite web|url=http://www.100greatblackbritons.com/bios/Pablo_Fanque.htm|work=100 Great Black Britons|last=Turner|first=John M.|title=Pablo Fanque: Black circus proprietor|accessdate=2011-04-06}}</ref> Another account has Fanque born in a [[workhouse]] to a family with seven children.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eveningnews24.co.uk/news/derek-james/tales_of_a_circus_star_a_wild_boy_and_ancient_skeletons_1_803411|title=Tales of a circus star, a wild boy and ancient skeletons|author=Derek James|publisher=Eveningnews24.co.uk|date=16 February 2011|accessdate=2011-04-09|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217191516/http://www.eveningnews24.co.uk/news/derek-james/tales_of_a_circus_star_a_wild_boy_and_ancient_skeletons_1_803411|archivedate=17 February 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Since shortly after Fanque's death in 1871, biographers have disputed his date of birth. Since 2003 biographer Turner has popularized the belief Fanque was born in 1796.<ref name="Gretchen Holrook Gerzina 2003"/> The newspaper ''Era'' records on 14 May 1871 that Fanque's coffin bore the inscription; "AGED 75 YEARS".<ref>''Era'', May 14, 1871.</ref> Fanque's gravestone, located at the base of his late wife Susannah Darby's grave in [[Woodhouse Cemetery]], Leeds (now St George's Field, part of the University of Leeds), reads; "''Also the above named William Darby Pablo Fanque who died May 4th 1871 Aged 75 Years''".
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