Seifertite is a silicate mineral with the formula SiO2 and is one of the densest polymorphs of silica. It has only been found in Martian[4][5] and lunar meteorites,[6] where it is presumably formed from either tridymite or cristobalite – other polymorphs of quartz – as a result of heating during the atmospheric re-entry and impact to the Earth, at an estimated minimal pressure of 35 GPa. It can also be produced in the laboratory by compressing cristobalite in a diamond anvil cell to pressures above 40 GPa. The mineral is named after Friedrich Seifert (born 1941), the founder of the Bayerisches Geoinstitut at University of Bayreuth, Germany, and is officially recognized by the International Mineralogical Association.[4][5][7][8]
| Seifertite | |
|---|---|
 Crystal structure | |
| General | |
| Category | Silicate mineral |
| Formula (repeating unit) | SiO2 |
| IMA symbol | Sft[1] |
| Strunz classification | 4.DA.05 (oxides) |
| Dana classification | 75.01.06 (tectosilicates) |
| Crystal system | Orthorhombic (Pbcn) |
| Crystal class | Dipyramidal (mmm) H–M symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| Identification | |
| Formula mass | 60.08 g/mol |
| Crystal habit | Microscopic crystals |
| Specific gravity | 4.294 |
| References | [2][3] |
Seifertite forms micrometre-sized crystalline lamellae embedded into a glassy SiO2 matrix. The lamellae are rather difficult to analyze, as they vitrify within seconds under laser or electron beams used for standard Raman spectroscopy or electron-beam microanalysis, even at much reduced beam intensities. Nevertheless, it was possible to verify that it is mainly composed of SiO2 with minor inclusions of Na2O (0.40 wt.%) and Al2O3 (1.14 wt.%). X-ray diffraction reveals that the mineral has scrutinyite (α-PbO2) type structure with an orthorhombic symmetry and Pbcn or Pb2n space group. Its lattice constants a = 4.097, b = 5.0462, c = 4.4946, Z = 4 correspond to the density of 4.294 g/cm3, which is among the highest for any forms of silica (for example, the density of quartz is 2.65 g/cm3).[3][4][5][8] Only stishovite has a comparable density of about 4.287 g/cm3.[9]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
- ^ Seifertite at Webmineral
- ^ a b Seifertite at Mindat.
- ^ a b c Goresy, Ahmed El; Dera, Przemyslaw; Sharp, Thomas G.; Prewitt, Charles T.; Chen, Ming; Dubrovinsky, Leonid; Wopenka, Brigitte; Boctor, Nabil Z.; Hemley, Russell J. (2008). "Seifertite, a dense orthorhombic polymorph of silica from the Martian meteorites Shergotty and Zagami". European Journal of Mineralogy. 20 (4): 523. Bibcode:2008EJMin..20..523G. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2008/0020-1812. First page preview.
- ^ a b c Dera P.; Prewitt C. T.; Boctor N. Z.; Hemley R. J. (2002). "Characterization of a high-pressure phase of silica from the Martian meteorite Shergotty". American Mineralogist. 87 (7): 1018. Bibcode:2002AmMin..87.1018D. doi:10.2138/am-2002-0728. S2CID 129400258.
- ^ H. Chennaoui Aoudjehane & A. Jambon (2008). "First evidence of high-pressure silica: stishovite and seifertite in lunar meteorite Northwest Africa 4734". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 43 (7, Supplement): A32. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2008.tb00711.x.
- ^ The official IMA-CNMNC List of Mineral Names Archived 2011-02-28 at the Wayback Machine, International Mineralogical Association.
- ^ a b Seifertite: A new natural very dense post-stishovite polymorph of silica, University of Bayreuth.
- ^ Stishovite summary, Handbook of mineralogy.