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Roger Wicker

"Senator Wicker" redirects here. For the Virginia state senate member, see John J. Wicker Jr.

Roger Frederick Wicker (born July 5, 1951) is an American attorney and politician serving as the senior United States senator from Mississippi, a seat he has held since 2007. A member of the Republican Party, Wicker was a Mississippi State Senator from 1988 to 1995 and the U.S. Representative from Mississippi's 1st congressional district from 1995 until 2007.

Roger Wicker
Official portrait, 2018
United States Senator
from Mississippi
Incumbent
Assumed office
December 31, 2007
Serving with Cindy Hyde-Smith
Preceded byTrent Lott
Ranking Member of the Senate Armed Services Committee
Incumbent
Assumed office
January 3, 2023
Preceded byJim Inhofe
Ranking Member of the Senate Commerce Committee
In office
February 3, 2021 – January 3, 2023
Preceded byMaria Cantwell
Succeeded byTed Cruz
Chair of the Senate Commerce Committee
In office
January 3, 2019 – February 3, 2021
Preceded byJohn Thune
Succeeded byMaria Cantwell
Chair of the National Republican Senatorial Committee
In office
January 3, 2015 – January 3, 2017
LeaderMitch McConnell
Preceded byJerry Moran
Succeeded byCory Gardner
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Mississippi's 1st district
In office
January 3, 1995 – December 31, 2007
Preceded byJamie Whitten
Succeeded byTravis Childers
Member of the Mississippi Senate
from the 6th district
In office
January 5, 1988 – January 3, 1995
Preceded byConstituency established
Succeeded byAlan Nunnelee
Personal details
Born
Roger Frederick Wicker

(1951-07-05) July 5, 1951 (age 73)
Pontotoc, Mississippi, U.S.[1]
Political partyRepublican
Spouse
Gayle Long
​
(m. 1975)​
Children3
Residence(s)Tupelo, Mississippi, U.S.
EducationUniversity of Mississippi (BA, JD)
WebsiteSenate website
Military service
Branch/serviceUnited States Air Force
Years of service
  • 1976–1980 (active)
  • 1980–2004 (reserve)
RankLieutenant Colonel
UnitAir Force Judge Advocate General's Corps
Roger Wicker's voice
Roger Wicker on his support for the United States Innovation and Competition Act
Recorded May 20, 2021

Born in Pontotoc, Mississippi, Wicker is a graduate of the University of Mississippi and the University of Mississippi School of Law. He was an officer in the United States Air Force from 1976 to 1980 and a member of the United States Air Force Reserves from 1980 to 2003. During the 1980s, he worked as a political counselor to then-Congressman Trent Lott on the House Rules Committee. In 1987, Wicker was elected to the Mississippi State Senate, representing the 6th district, which included Tupelo.

Wicker was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1994, succeeding retiring 27-term Democratic Congressman Jamie Whitten. Wicker served in the House from 1995 to 2007, when he was appointed to the Senate by Governor Haley Barbour to fill the seat vacated by Lott. Wicker subsequently won a special election for the remainder of the term in 2008 and was reelected to a full term in 2012. Wicker served as chair of the National Republican Senatorial Committee from 2015 to 2017 and is a deputy Republican whip. He was reelected in 2018, defeating Democratic nominee David Baria. He was reelected again in 2024, defeating Democratic nominee Ty Pinkins.

Early life and education

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Wicker was born on July 5, 1951, in Pontotoc, Mississippi, to Wordna Glen (née Threadgill) and Thomas Frederick "Fred" Wicker, a lawyer and onetime Mississippi state senator.[2] At age 16, Wicker worked as a United States House of Representatives page for Representative Jamie L. Whitten of Mississippi's 1st congressional district.[3] He graduated from Pontotoc High School in 1969.[4]

Wicker attended the University of Mississippi,[4] where he was a member of the Sigma Nu fraternity[5] and student body president.[6] He was inducted into Omicron Delta Kappa for his student leadership and academic merit. He earned a bachelor's degree in journalism and political science in 1973 and a J.D. degree in 1975 from the university.[4]

After graduation, Wicker served as an officer in the United States Air Force from 1976 to 1980.[4][7] Starting in 1980, he was a member of the Air Force Reserve; he retired from the reserve in 2003 as a lieutenant colonel.[4] Wicker served as a judge advocate.[8]

Early political career

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Representative Roger Wicker, 1995

Wicker began his political career in 1980 as House Rules Committee counsel to U.S. Representative Trent Lott.[3] He was elected to the Mississippi State Senate in 1987, spending $25,000 on the race.[3] He represented the 6th district, which included Tupelo, from 1988 to 1994.[citation needed] He amended a 1994 state Medicaid bill to authorize the Mississippi Attorney General to contract private attorneys on contingency.[9]

U.S. House of Representatives

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Elections

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In 1994, Whitten declined to seek reelection; he had represented the 1st District for 53 years, longer than any other congressman at the time. Wicker ran to succeed him, spending $750,000 on his campaign.[3] He finished first in a crowded six-way Republican primary with 7,156 votes (26.62%) and proceeded to a runoff with attorney Grant Fox, who received 5,208 votes (19.37%). Former U.S. Attorney Bob Whitwell finished 600 votes short of the runoff with 4,606 votes (17.14%), 1992 nominee Clyde E. Whitaker came fourth with 4,602 votes (17.12%), 1986 nominee Larry Cobb came fifth with 4,162 votes (15.48%) and 1990 nominee Bill Bowlin took the remaining 1,147 votes (4.27%).[10] In the runoff, Wicker defeated Fox, 11,905 votes (53.07%) to 10,527 (46.93%).[11]

In the general election, Wicker defeated Fulton attorney Bill Wheeler, 80,553 votes (63.06%) to 47,192 (36.94%),[12] making him the first Republican to represent the 1st district in over a century. This was not considered an upset, as the 1st has always been a rather conservative district (especially in the Memphis suburbs). The district had only supported the Democratic nominee for president once since 1956, when Jimmy Carter carried the district in 1976. Although Whitten had a nearly unbreakable hold on the district, it had been considered very likely that he would be succeeded by a Republican once he retired.

Wicker was reelected six times without serious difficulty, never receiving less than 65% of the vote. In 2004, he was unopposed by a Democratic candidate, facing only Reform Party nominee Barbara Dale Washer, whom he defeated by 219,328 votes (79.01%) to 58,256 (20.99%).[13]

Tenure

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Assuming office in 1995, Wicker was president of the freshman class, which included 53 other new Republican representatives, elected as part of the 1994 "Republican Revolution".[3]

Wicker was a member of the House Appropriations Committee. He was also deputy Republican whip.

In Congress, Wicker worked on issues related to medical research and on economic development for his home state. He advocated private-public partnerships to bring investment to rural areas. Wicker also worked for veterans' issues while serving as a member of the Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Subcommittee.[14] In his final year as representative, Wicker topped the list in earmarks.[15]

In 2007, Wicker was criticized after securing a $6 million earmark for a defense company whose executives had made significant contributions to his campaign.[16]

U.S. Senate

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Committee assignments

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Caucus memberships

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  • Congressional Human Rights Caucus
  • Congressional Immigration Reform Caucus
  • International Conservation Caucus
  • Interstate 69 Caucus (Co-Chair)
  • Sportsmen's Caucus
  • Tennessee Valley Authority Congressional Caucus

Appointment

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On November 26, 2007, Senator Trent Lott announced that he would resign before the end of the year to become a lobbyist. At a press conference on December 31, 2007, Mississippi Governor Haley Barbour appointed Wicker to fill the Senate seat Lott vacated on December 18, 2007.[17] He was sworn in by the Senate clerk just before that news conference.[18]

Elections

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2008
Main article: 2008 United States Senate special election in Mississippi

Wicker ran for the remainder of Lott's term in the November 2008 special election against Democrat Ronnie Musgrove, Barbour's predecessor as governor. Wicker defeated Musgrove, 683,409 votes (54.96%) to 560,064 (45.04%). Wicker's resignation from the House also triggered a May 13, 2008, special election to fill the vacancy in the House, which was won by Democratic nominee Travis Childers.

2012
Main article: 2012 United States Senate election in Mississippi

Wicker ran for reelection to a full term in 2012. He was opposed by Robert Maloney and Tea Party activist E. Allen Hathcock in the Republican primary, defeating them by 254,936 votes (89.17%) to 18,857 (6.60%) and 12,106 (4.23%), respectively.[19] In the general election, he defeated Albert Gore, the Chairman of the Oktibbeha County Democratic Party and a distant relative of former Vice President Al Gore, 709,626 votes (57.16%) to 503,467 (40.55%).[20]

2018
Main article: 2018 United States Senate election in Mississippi

Wicker defeated Democratic nominee David Baria, a state legislator, with 58.5% of the vote.[21]

2024
Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Mississippi

Wicker defeated two opponents in the Republican primary, earning roughly 60% of the vote,[22] and defeated Democratic nominee Ty Pinkins in the general election, with 62.8% of the vote.[23][24]

Tenure

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U.S. Senator Roger F. Wicker meets with U.S. Senator Cindy Hyde-Smith of Mississippi in the Dirksen Senate Office building.

On September 16, 2010, President Barack Obama announced his intent to nominate Wicker as representative of the United States to the Sixty-fifth Session of the General Assembly of the United Nations.[25]

 
Supreme Court Nominee Judge Brett Kavanaugh and U.S. Senator Roger Wicker

In the Senate, Wicker is a member of the Senate Republicans' whip team and has repeatedly introduced a bill to overturn Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court decision ruling abortion bans unconstitutional. Wicker called the Affordable Care Act the "great fight for the rest of this term, maybe our lifetimes" and later introduced a bill to enable state officials to challenge the law. In the interest of protecting gun owners, he amended a fiscal 2010 transportation spending bill to allow Amtrak passengers to carry firearms and ammunition in checked baggage.[26]

Wicker and Representative Gene Taylor pushed amendments allowing purchasers of federal flood insurance to add wind coverage to their policies, helpful to a hurricane-prone state. As a member of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki Commission) monitoring human rights and other issues, in late 2012 Wicker worked with Senator Ben Cardin to enact a bill imposing penalties on Russians accused of violating human rights. The measure led Russian President Vladimir Putin to announce a subsequent ban on U.S. adoptions of Russian-born children.[26]

Wicker was one of three politicians targeted during the April 2013 ricin letters bioterrorism attack. On April 16, 2013, a letter addressed to Wicker tested positive for the poison ricin as part of a series of letters.[27] The letter was detected by postal officials and law enforcement and prevented from reaching the Capitol.[28] The letter was tested three times, with each test confirming the presence of ricin.[28]

In July 2013, Wicker proposed that the Senate meet to discuss a controversial change to filibuster rules. The Senate held the private meeting in the Old Senate chamber to discuss Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid's threat of the so-called "nuclear option", which would change the rules for Senate votes on Obama's executive branch nominees. Wicker said he hoped the chamber's bipartisan past could serve as an inspiration for the debate about the nuclear option: "I think there are concessions that can be made on both sides. And then I would just hope that, institutionally, we can get away from this mindset."[29]

Wicker supported the Bipartisan Sportsmen's Act of 2014 (S. 2363; 113th Congress), a bill related to hunting, fishing, and outdoor recreation, aimed at improving "the public's ability to enjoy the outdoors."[30] He said, "Mississippians know the importance of efforts to preserve our natural resources for future generations."[30]

Wicker was elected chair of the National Republican Senatorial Committee for the 114th U.S. Congress on November 13, 2014.[31]

Weeks after the 2014 Hong Kong class boycott campaign and Umbrella Movement broke out, demanding genuine universal suffrage among other goals, Wicker joined Senator Sherrod Brown and Representative Chris Smith's effort to introduce the Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act, which would update the United States–Hong Kong Policy Act of 1992 and U.S. commitment to Hong Kong's freedom and democracy. "U.S. should stand steadfast with the people of Hong Kong in their fight to exercise self-determination," Wicker said, and "speak with a unified American voice in support of universal freedom and democratic values. The Congress and the Obama Administration should act to ensure China honors its longstanding obligation under international law to maintain Hong Kong's autonomy."[32][33][34][35]

In March 2017, Wicker co-sponsored the Israel Anti-Boycott Act (s. 720), which made it a federal crime for Americans to encourage or participate in boycotts against Israel and Israeli settlements in the West Bank if protesting actions by the Israeli government.[36][37]

In May 2020, a group of Senate Republicans planned to introduce a privacy bill that would regulate the data collected by coronavirus contact tracing apps. The COVID-19 Consumer Data Protection Act would "provide all Americans with more transparency, choice, and control over the collection and use of their personal health, geolocation, and proximity data", according to a joint statement. Wicker said the legislation also would "hold businesses accountable to consumers if they use personal data to fight the COVID-19 pandemic." The act would permit the creation of "platforms that could trace the virus and help flatten the curve and stop the spread – and maintaining privacy protections for U.S. citizens", Wicker said.[38]

 
Supreme Court nominee Judge Amy Coney Barrett and U.S. Senator Roger Wicker.

In September 2020, less than two months before the next presidential election, Wicker supported an immediate Senate vote on Trump's nominee to fill the Supreme Court vacancy caused by Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg's death, saying that Senate Republicans had "promised to confirm well qualified, conservative judges" and that there was a "constitutional duty" to fill vacancies. In March 2016, Wicker had taken the opposite position by declining to consider Obama's Supreme Court nominee during a presidential election year, saying that the "American people should have the opportunity to make their voices heard before filling a lifetime appointment to the nation’s highest court."[39]

Wicker announced before the 2021 United States Electoral College vote count that he would vote to certify the election on January 6, 2021.[40] He was participating in the certification when Trump supporters attacked the U.S. Capitol. When the Capitol was secure and Congress returned to complete the certification, Wicker voted to certify the count, with his senate counterpart, Cindy Hyde-Smith objecting to the count.[41] In the wake of the violence and certification, Wicker called for perpetrators to be prosecuted "to the fullest extent of the law" and said, "we must work together to rebuild confidence in our institutions."[42] Wicker opposed Trump's removal from office, encouraging a peaceful transfer of power on Inauguration Day.[43]

In March 2021, after Congress passed the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, Wicker highlighted on social media that the bill awarded $28.6 billion of "targeted relief" to "independent restaurant operators" to "survive the pandemic". In that post, he neglected to mention that he had voted against the bill.[44]

In August 2021, Wicker voted for the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act.[45]

After President Joe Biden said that he planned to select a black woman to appoint to the Supreme Court in January 2022, Wicker told Mississippi radio host Paul Gallo that the nominee would be a "beneficiary" of an affirmative action "quota",[46] drawing a rebuke from the White House.[47]

Political positions

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The Heritage Foundation gave Wicker a lifetime conservative rating of 61% (the average Republican scored 79%).[48] As of December 2017, Wicker ranks 14th of 98 in the Bipartisan Index compiled by The Lugar Center, which reflects a low level of partisanship.[49]

Foreign policy

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As a U.S. representative, Wicker supported the Iraq War and called it just.[50] He believed it was necessary to remove Saddam Hussein from power.[50]

Wicker supported the 2001 United States invasion of Afghanistan and called the U.S. withdrawal in 2021 "one of the biggest foreign policy catastrophes in my lifetime.” He also said, "we were better off with a Korea-like presence".[51] Afterward, he cosponsored legislation that would have ended official diplomatic relations with Afghanistan's new Taliban government.[52]

In December 2021, Wicker said the U.S. should consider a preemptive nuclear strike against Russia: "we don't rule out first-use nuclear action."[53] He said this two months before the Russian invasion of Ukraine began in February 2022.[54][55] Wicker also supported implementing a no-fly zone over Ukraine in 2022, which the National Review called "a very bad idea".[56]

Wicker is an ardent Zionist and one of the most pro-Israel U.S. politicians. According to the American Jewish Congress, he "opposed the Iran Deal and opposed UN Security Resolution 2334", which affirmed that Israel's settlement activity violated international law.[57] Wicker also voted for the Israel Anti-Boycott Act, supported the Anti-Semitism Awareness Act, and cosponsored the United States-Israel Security Authorization Act of 2018, which allocated military funding for Israel regardless of the Palestinian question.[57] He opposed opening a U.S. Palestinian consulate in East Jerusalem, which would have answered to the U.S. Department of State.[58]

2023 omnibus appropriations

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Wicker was one of 18 Republican senators to vote for the $1.7 trillion omnibus bill that former President Donald Trump heavily criticized.[59] The bill prohibited the construction of new immigration barriers and did not increase border enforcement spending past current inflation levels.[60] Wicker also voted by the same bill to send $45 billion worth of arms to Ukraine.[61][62]

Refugees

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Wicker strongly supports expanding U.S. visas for Ukrainian refugees.[63] He previously opposed Mississippi accepting Syrian refugees who fled from war-torn Syria.[64]

Ukraine

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Wicker has been one of Ukraine's strongest Republican supporters. He voted each time for aid to Ukraine.[65] In a press release, Wicker wrote: "President Reagan once called the Soviet Union 'the focus of evil in the modern world.' After two months of unprovoked brutality, it is obvious that the Kremlin remains one of the chief forces for evil in our world."[65][66]

On February 13, 2024, Wicker voted for Schumer's bill to appropriate aid for Ukraine, Taiwan, and Israel.[67] The Washington Post characterized this as deserting the Republican Party, when in reality the split was 22-28.[68] On April 23, Wicker voted in favor of aid to Ukraine.[69] It was remarked that "Reagan Republicans", including Wicker, Mitch McConnell, and House Speaker Mike Johnson, had split from Trump, at the time the presumptive Republican nominee.[70]

In May 2024, Wicker, John Thune, and John Cornyn urged Speaker Johnson not to agree to anything with Marjorie Taylor Greene, who was plotting to oust him, in order to save his position.[71]

Federal spending

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Wicker identifies as a fiscal conservative but has consistently voted to increase federal spending for agriculture, infrastructure, and military projects throughout Mississippi.[72][73][74]

Mississippi flag

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From 2015 until it was finally changed in 2020, Wicker sought to change the Mississippi flag, calling it offensive to many of his "fellow citizens".[75] 64% of Mississippians voted to keep the flag in a 2001 referendum.[76] Wicker supported nullifying that vote in 2020 and replacing the flag without a new referendum.[77]

Confederacy

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While discussing Mississippi's previous state flag, Wicker said his Confederate military ancestors were "Americans" and "brave".[78]

Climate change

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In 2015, Wicker was the only U.S. senator to vote against an amendment declaring that climate change is real. The final vote was 98 to 1, with Senator Harry Reid, the Democratic leader from Nevada, not voting.[79] The amendment affirmed that "climate change is real and not a hoax."[80]

In 2017, Wicker was one of 22 senators to sign a letter[81] to President Trump urging him to withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement. According to OpenSecrets, Wicker has received over $200,000 from the oil and gas industry since 2012.[82]

In November 2023, Wicker initially supported the Foreign Pollution Fee Act co-sponsored by Lindsey Graham and Bill Cassidy. Endorsed by the Sierra Club, the bill (S. 3198; referred to the Senate Finance Committee) proposed imposing a carbon tariff on energy and industrial imports based on the good's emission intensity or carbon footprint as compared with the same domestic good to impose a carbon price on goods from countries with greater greenhouse gas emissions than the United States.[83][84][85] Wicker subsequently withdrew co-sponsorship of the bill.[86]

Gun law

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Wicker's support for pro-gun legislation and gun rights has earned him an A+ rating from the NRA Political Victory Fund (NRA-PVF). The NRA-PVF endorsed Wicker during the 2012 election.[87] Wicker has said that he will filibuster any bill that he feels "infringes" on the Second Amendment, including weapon bans.[88] He has received $21,350 in funding from gun lobbyists for his political activities.[89]

In 2009, Wicker introduced a bill allowing Amtrak passengers to check unloaded and locked handguns in their luggage. The law passed 68–30. His rationale for the bill was that people's Second Amendment rights were violated on a federally subsidized train system if they could not bring their guns.[90]

One day after the 2015 San Bernardino attack, Wicker voted against a bill, co-sponsored by a Democrat and a Republican, that would make background checks mandatory when a person buys a gun. He said he voted against it because he feared it would have "opened the door to a national gun registry."[91]

In 2017, Wicker voted in favor of "a joint resolution of disapproval aimed at former President Obama's executive action requiring the Social Security Administration (SSA) place beneficiaries on the National Instant Criminal Background Check System 'mental defective' list."[92]

Secularism

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Wicker asked the United States Navy to deny the admission of a secular humanist to the Chaplain Corps, saying, "It is troubling that the Navy could allow a self-avowed atheist to serve in the Chaplain Corps."[93]

January 6 commission

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On May 28, 2021, Wicker voted against creating an independent commission to investigate the January 6 United States Capitol attack.[94]

Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023

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Wicker was among the 31 Senate Republicans who voted against final passage of the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023.[95]

Political ratings

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In 2020, Wicker received a score of 74 from the American Conservative Union. He has a lifetime rating of 83.62.[96]

 
Official photo as U.S. Representative

Personal life

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Wicker has been married to Gayle Long since 1975. They have three children and six grandchildren. The Wickers reside in Tupelo, where Wicker is a deacon and a member of the First Baptist Church Tupelo choir.[97]

He previously served on the Board of Advisors for the Global Panel Foundation [de], a nongovernmental organization that works in crisis areas.[98]

References

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  1. ^ Barone, Michael; Ujifusa, Grant; Cohen, Richard E. (December 16, 1999). "The almanac of American politics, 2000 : the senators, the representatives, and the governors : their records and election results, their states and districts". Washington, D.C. : National Journal – via Internet Archive.
  2. ^ "Fred Wicker Obituary (1924 - 2022) - Pontotoc, MS - The Daily Journal". Legacy.com. Retrieved February 21, 2024.
  3. ^ a b c d e Trygstad, Kyle (November 24, 2014). "Roger Wicker Looks for Fast Start at NRSC". Roll Call. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved August 16, 2014.
  4. ^ a b c d e United States Congress. "Roger Wicker (id: W000437)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  5. ^ "Robert N. Maddox Honor Lecture". The Delta of Sigma Nu. Fall 2006. Sigma Nu Fraternity, Inc.: 27–28 2006. Archived from the original on November 6, 2013. Retrieved October 13, 2012.
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  14. ^ About Roger Archived November 17, 2020, at the Wayback Machine from Wicker's official U.S. Senate website
  15. ^ "They're back: Representatives reveal their earmarks". CNN. April 4, 2009. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved April 4, 2009. The top earmark requester in the House last year—now Sen. Roger Wicker, R-Mississippi—has not yet posted any earmarks for this year.
  16. ^ Mosk, Matthew (January 16, 2009). "Wicker's Earmark Elicits Criticism". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2014.
  17. ^ Rupp, Leah (December 31, 2007). "Barbour names Wicker to Senate seat". Clarion-Ledger. Retrieved December 31, 2007.[permanent dead link‍]
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  22. ^ Jackson, Herb. "Mississippi's Ezell, Wicker win Republican primaries easily". Roll Call. Retrieved March 12, 2024.
  23. ^ Muhammad, Shaunicy. "Democrat Ty Pinkins Relaunches 2024 Challenge to U.S. Sen. Roger Wicker". Mississippi Free Press. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
  24. ^ "Official Results Total Votes Reported by Counties for Federal General Election" (PDF). MS SOS. Retrieved November 22, 2024.
  25. ^ "President Obama Announces More Key Administration Posts | The White House". whitehouse.gov. September 15, 2010. Retrieved April 9, 2015 – via National Archives.
  26. ^ a b "The Almanac of America Politics". National Journal. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved October 10, 2013.
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  28. ^ a b Ferrechio, Susan (April 16, 2013). "Poison-laced letter sent to senator". The Examiner. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
  29. ^ Greve, Joan E. "Old Chamber Tapped as Symbolic Venue for 'Dysfunctional' Senate to Compromise". ABC News. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved July 15, 2013.
  30. ^ a b "Wicker, Cochran Sign on to Sportsmen's Legislative Package". Office of Senator Wicker. June 17, 2014. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
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  32. ^ "Wicker Joins Bill to Support Hong Kong's Freedom and Democracy". wicker.senate.gov. November 13, 2014. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
  33. ^ S.2922 - Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act Archived September 27, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Congress.gov, November 13, 2014
  34. ^ Crovitz, L. Gordon (December 14, 2014). "China 'Voids' Hong Kong Rights: Beijing abrogates the 1984 treaty it signed with Britain to guarantee the city's autonomy". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on August 18, 2016. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
  35. ^ "Review & Outlook: A Useful Hong Kong Rebuke". The Wall Street Journal. January 30, 2015. Archived from the original on August 18, 2016. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
  36. ^ "Cosponsors - S.720 - 115th Congress (2017-2018): Israel Anti-Boycott Act". www.congress.gov. March 23, 2017. Archived from the original on June 21, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
  37. ^ Levitz, Eric (July 19, 2017). "43 Senators Want to Make It a Federal Crime to Boycott Israeli Settlements". Intelligencer. Archived from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
  38. ^ Lyons, Kim (May 1, 2020). "Senators' plan for reining in contact tracing apps doesn't make a lot of sense". The Verge. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
  39. ^ Desjardins, Lisa (September 22, 2020). "What every Republican senator has said about filling a Supreme Court vacancy in an election year". PBS NewsHour. Archived from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved September 27, 2020.
  40. ^ Dixon, Justin (January 6, 2021). "Sen. Roger Wicker to certify Biden's presidential win". WLBT. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  41. ^ Beveridge, Lici (January 7, 2021). "How did Mississippi congressmen and senators act on accepting Electoral College votes?". The Clarion-Ledger. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  42. ^ Carter, Josh (January 8, 2021). "Sen. Wicker: Division in America which lead to Capitol Hill riot 'cannot be ignored'". WLBT. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  43. ^ Carlisle, Zac (January 11, 2021). "Congressmen from Mississippi respond to ongoing effort to remove President Trump from office". WTVA News. Archived from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  44. ^ Cochrane, Emily; Kaplan, Thomas (March 10, 2021). "A G.O.P. senator tweets approvingly about part of the stimulus bill, without mentioning one detail: his 'no' vote". The New York Times. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
  45. ^ Zaslav, Ali (August 10, 2021). "Here are the 19 Republican senators who voted for the bipartisan infrastructure bill". CNN. Retrieved August 10, 2021.[permanent dead link‍]
  46. ^ "Wicker: Black Woman Supreme Court Pick An Affirmative Action 'Beneficiary'". Mississippi Free Press. January 29, 2022. Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  47. ^ "White House pushes back after Republican senator says Supreme Court pick will be 'beneficiary' of affirmative action". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  48. ^ "Sen. Roger Wicker - Scorecard 117: 69%". Heritage Action For America. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
  49. ^ "Our Work: The Lugar Center". thelugarcenter.org (in German). Archived from the original on January 15, 2020. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
  50. ^ a b Elkins, Ashley (February 7, 2004). "Wicker: Iraqi war a just one". Northeast Mississippi Daily Journal. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
  51. ^ Journal, SAM R. HALL Daily (August 17, 2021). "Afghanistan collapse to Taliban already hurting U.S. with allies, Sen. Roger Wicker says". Northeast Mississippi Daily Journal. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
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  53. ^ Kaonga, Gerrard (December 8, 2021). "Joe Biden Should Consider Nuclear Strike on Russia Over Ukraine—GOP Senator". Newsweek. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
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Works cited

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Roger Wicker.
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Mississippi's 1st congressional district
1995–2007 		Succeeded by
U.S. Senate
Preceded by U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Mississippi
2007–present
Served alongside: Thad Cochran, Cindy Hyde-Smith 		Incumbent
Preceded by Chair of the Joint Helsinki Commission
2017–2019 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chair of the Senate Commerce Committee
2019–2021 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Maria Cantwell
 Ranking Member of the Senate Commerce Committee
2021–2023 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Ranking Member of the Senate Armed Services Committee
2023–present 		Incumbent
Party political offices
Preceded by Republican nominee for U.S. Senator from Mississippi
(Class 1)
2008, 2012, 2018, 2024 		Most recent
Preceded by Chair of the National Republican Senatorial Committee
2015–2017 		Succeeded by
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by Order of precedence of the United States
as United States Senator 		Succeeded by
United States senators by seniority
25th
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