Peter Chardon Brooks (January 6, 1767 – January 1, 1849) was a wealthy Massachusetts merchant.[1][2]
Peter Chardon Brooks | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | January 6, 1767 |
| Died | January 1, 1849 (aged 81) |
| Occupation(s) | Insurance businessman, state senator |
| Employer | New England Marine Insurance Company |
| Spouse |
Ann Gorham
(m. 1792; died 1830) |
| Children | 13 |
| Parent(s) | Edward Brooks Abigail Brown |
| Relatives | Peter Brooks Adams (grandson) Henry Adams (grandson) |
| Signature | |
 | |
Early life
editBrooks born in North Yarmouth, Massachusetts Bay, on January 6, 1767. His parents were the Rev. Edward Brooks and Abigail Brown. In 1769, the family moved to Medford, Massachusetts, his father's native town, where Brooks boyhood was spent working on the family farm.[3]
After his father's death, in 1781, he was apprenticed to a trade in Boston, walking to the city, a distance of seven miles, every day.[4]
Career
editIn 1789, he engaged in the business of marine insurance, often for ships involved in the kidnapping and sale of African people through the trans-Atlantic slave trade, and accumulated a large fortune.[5] He kept with his own hand very accurate accounts, a rare thing in those days, and made it a rule never to borrow money, never to engage in speculation of any kind, and never to take more than the legal rate of interest. He retired from business in 1803, and, until 1806, devoted himself to the settlement of all the risks in which he was interested.[4]
He then accepted the presidency of the New England Insurance Company, the first chartered company of the kind in the state, and filled the office for several years. In his retirement at Medford he took special pleasure in the cultivation of trees, planting many thousands of them about his farm. He was at different times a member of both branches of the legislature, of the first Boston City Council, and of the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1820–1821.[4]
While in the legislature, he took a prominent part in suppressing lotteries, which at that time were flourishing in the state. Mr. Brooks gave liberally, and without parade, to many benevolent objects, and, besides this, his private donations for many years exceeded his domestic expenses.[6]
Personal life
editOn November 26, 1792, Brooks was married to Ann Gorham (1771–1830), a daughter of Nathaniel Gorham (1738–1796), the 14th President of the Continental Congress, and sister of Benjamin Gorham, a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts. They were the parents of 13 children, of which the following survived to adulthood:[7][8]
- Edward Brooks (1793–1878), who married Eliza Root[7]
- Gorham Brooks (1795–1855), who married Ellen Sheppard in April 1829.[7]
- Ann Gorham Brooks (1797–1864), who married Nathaniel Langdon Frothingham (1798–1870) on March 2, 1818.[7]
- Peter Chardon Brooks Jr. (1798–1880), who married Susan Oliver Heard (1806–1884) on November 9, 1825.[7]
- Sidney Brooks (1799–1878), who married Frances Dehon (1805–1871) on December 27, 1827.[7]
- Charlotte Gray Brooks (1800–1859), who married Edward Everett (1794–1865) on May 8, 1822.[7]
- Ward Chipman Brooks (1804–1828)[7]
- Henry Brooks (1807–1833)[7]
- Abigail Brown Brooks (1808–1889), who married Charles Francis Adams Sr. (1807–1886), on September 3, 1829.[7][9]
Brooks died January 1, 1849, in Boston, Massachusetts, bequeathing what was believed to be the largest estate in Boston, about two million dollars, to his seven surviving children.[9] He was originally buried at the Salem Street Burying Ground in Medford, Massachusetts, but was later relocated to a family plot in Oak Grove Cemetery, near the Brooks Estate in Medford.[7][10]
Descendants
editBrooks was a grandfather of historians Peter Chardon Brooks Adams and Henry Adams[11] great-grandfather of Washington philanthropist Charlotte Everett Hopkins, and great-great-grandfather of Massachusetts governor and senator Leverett Saltonstall.[12][13] Brooks' fourth great-grandson, Dr. Patrick Graves Jackson, is the husband of Supreme Court Justice Ketanji Brown-Jackson.
Legacy
edit- He is considered to have been one of the 100 wealthiest Americans, having left an enormous fortune.[14][15]
- The town of Chardon, Ohio is named for him.[16]
- The youngest child of Brooks’ daughter Abigail and Charles Francis Adams Sr. was named after him, Peter Chardon Brooks Adams.
References
edit- Notes
- ^ "Peter Chardon Brooks, 1767-1849". loc.gov. Library of Congress. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
- ^ Saltonstall, Nora (2004). "Out Here at the Front": The World War I Letters of Nora Saltonstall. UPNE. ISBN 9781555535988. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
- ^ Lincoln (Mass.) (1905). An Account of the Celebration by the Town of Lincoln, Masstts, April 23rd, 1904, of the 150th Anniversary of Its Incorporation, 1754-1904. town. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
- ^ a b c Morris, Dee (2009). Medford: A Brief History. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 9781625843173. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
- ^ Beckert & Stevens, 2011, p. 16 http://www.harvardandslavery.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Harvard-Slavery-Book-111101.pdf
- ^ Nasrallah, Wahib (2003). United States Entrepreneurs and the Companies They Built: An Index to Biographies in Collected Works. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-32332-4. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Whittier, Charles Collyer (1907). Genealogy of the Stimpson Family of Charlestown, Mass: and allied lines. Press of D. Clapp & Son. p. 52. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
- ^ Browning, Charles Henry (1911). Americans of Royal Descent: Collection of Genealogies Showing the Lineal Descent from Kings of Some American Families ... Genealogical Publishing Com. p. 361. ISBN 9780806300542. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
- ^ a b Massachusetts Historical Society (1968). The Adams Papers | Diary of Charles Francis Adams. Cambridge, M.A.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. 10. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
- ^ "Brooks Estate Master Plan Medford-Brooks Estate Land Trust" (PDF). brooksestate.org. September 1, 2011. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
- ^ See Personal life and the Adams family tree at Charles Francis Adams Sr.
- ^ "Saltonstall-Brooks-Lewis family papers (1863-1982)>Biographical Sketches", Massachusetts Historical Society. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
- ^ Harp, Gillis J. (2003). Brahmin Prophet: Phillips Brooks and the Path of Liberal Protestantism. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 14. ISBN 9780847699612. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
- ^ Klepper, Michael; Gunther, Michael (1996), The Wealthy 100: From Benjamin Franklin to Bill Gates—A Ranking of the Richest Americans, Past and Present, Secaucus, New Jersey: Carol Publishing Group, p. xiii, ISBN 978-0-8065-1800-8, OCLC 33818143
- ^ Klepper, Michael M.; Gunther, Robert (1996). Peter Chardon Brooks (1767-1849): Wealthiest Man in New England. Secaucus, N.J.: Carol Pub. Group.
- ^ Overman, William Daniel (1958). Ohio Town Names. Akron, OH: Atlantic Press. p. 26.
- Sources
- The Education of Henry Adams
- A biography of Brooks, by Everett, may be found in Hunt's "Lives of American Merchants" (New York, 1856).
Attribution
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1891). Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
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